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COLIQUEFACTION OF COAL AND BLACK LIQUOR
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 1995, 12(5), 582-585(4), 10.1007/BF02705864
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Abstract
Black liquor from the Kraft pulping process to produce cellulose pulp contains lignin and sodium hydroxide, which are known to enhance the dissolution of coal. But no work has so far been done on the depolymerization of coals using black liquor as an additive. The addition of black liquor enhanced the coal conversion yield about 38.6% in the experiment. But the extent of the enhancement was lower than expected values from separate NaOH/coal and lignin/coal experiments.
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References
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Berkowitz N, "An Introduction to Coal Technology," Academic Press, Inc., New York (1977)
Dorland D, Stiller AH, Mintz EA, Fuel Process. Technol., 30, 195 (1992)
Evans RJ, Milne TA, Energy Fuels, 1, 123 (1987)
Evans RJ, Milne TA, Energy Fuels, 1, 311 (1987)
Faulon JL, Hatcher PG, Energy Fuels, 8(2), 402 (1994)
Fricke AL, "Physical Properties of Kraft Black Liquor: Summary Report-Phase I and II," DOE report Nos., AC02-82CE40606 and FG02-85CE47040 (1987)
Hessley RH, Fuel Process. Technol., 8, 33 (1983)
Kershaw JR, Bagnell LJ, Fuel, 66, 1739 (1987)
Kim JW, Akash BA, Muchmore CB, Koropchak JA, Lalvani SB, Fuel Process. Technol., 33, 175 (1993)
Kim JW, Sim KS, Chem. Ind. Technol., 12(6), 543 (1994)
Lalvani SB, Muchmore CB, Koropchak JA, Akash B, Chavez C, Rajagopal P, Fuel, 70, 1433 (1991)
Lalvani SB, Muchmore CB, Koropchak JA, Akash B, Chivate P, Chavez C, Energy Fuels, 5, 347 (1991)
Libby CE, "Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Vol. 1 Pulp," McGraw-Hill, New York (1982)
McKeough PJ, Johansson AA, "Oil Production by High-Pressure Thermal Treatment of Black Liquors-Process Development Studies," in "Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass," ACs Symposium Series, No. 376, p. 104, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1988)
Miller RL, Wasden FK, Fuel Process. Technol., 9, 117 (1984)
Mirza ZB, Sarkar MK, Sharma DK, Fuel Process. Technol., 9, 149 (1984)
Muchmore CB, Lalvani SB, Koropchak JA, Akash B, "Lignin-Assisted Coal Depolymerization," Proceedings of International Conference on Coal Science, p. 718 (1991)
Neavel RC, Fuel, 55, 237 (1976)
Rydholm SA, "Pulping Processes," Interscience Publishers, New York, 576 (1965)
Sjostrom E, Chap. 7, "Wood Chemistry-Fundamentals and Applications," Academic PRess, New York (1981)
Valenzuelacalahorro C, Pan YG, Bernaltegarcia A, Gomezserrano V, Energy Fuels, 8(2), 348 (1994)
Zaman AA, Fricke AL, AIChE J., 40(1), 187 (1994)
