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Ionomer Blends:Morphology and Mechanical Properties
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 1998, 15(4), 353-361(9), 10.1007/BF02697124
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Abstract
Polymer blends, having one component as an ionomer, can develop an interesting combination of mechanical properties. These properties give such blends some specific advantages as compared to non-ionic homopolymers. Primary attention is given to blends involving an ionomer and the ionomer precursor polymer. In such blends, synergistic effects can occur in several of the mechanical properties, such as modulus, strength and fracture energy. The enhanced mechanical properties, which occur for relatively low concentrations of the ionomer in the blends, are well above values predicted by the rule of mixtures. This behavior is attributed to the presence in the ionomer component of a higher chain entanglement density and to good adhesion between the dispersed ionomer particles and the polymer matrix. Some discussion, with examples, is also given of other blends having an ionomer as one component and of blends in which a small amount of ionomer is added in order to enhance the miscibility of two otherwise incompatible polymers.
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References
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Zeng X, Li H, Xu X, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 31, 321 (1992)
Bellinger M, Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University (1992)
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Bellinger MA, Sauer JA, Hara M, Macromolecules, 27(21), 6147 (1994)
Boykin TL, Moore RB, ACS Polym. Prep., 33(2), 179 (1997)
Bucknall CB, "Toughened Plastics," Appl. Sci. Publ. London (1977)
Creton C, Kramer EJ, Hadziioannou C, Macromolecules, 24, 1846 (1991)
Deanin R, Orroth SA, Bhagat RI, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 29, 289 (1990)
Deanin RD, Chu W, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 76, 296 (1997)
Eisenberg A, King M, "Ion-Containing Polymers," Acad. Press, N.Y. (1977)
Eisenberg A, Hird B, Moore RR, Macromolecules, 23, 4098 (1990)
Fitzgerald WJ, Weiss RA, Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C28(1), 99 (1988)
Hara M, Sauer JA, Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C34(3), 325 (1994)
Hara M, Sauer JA, Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C38(2), 327 (1998)
Hara M, Bellinger MA, Sauer JA, Colloid Polym. Sci., 270, 652 (1990)
Hara M, Billinger MA, Sauer JA, Polym. Int., 26, 137 (1991)
Hara M, Jar P, Sauer JA, Polymer, 32, 1622 (1991)
Kim YK, Ha CS, Kang TK, Kim Y, Cho WJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 51(8), 1453 (1994)
Kinloch AJ, Young RJ, "Fracture Behavior of Polymers," Appl. Sci. Publ. London (1983)
Kleiner LW, Karacz FE, MacKnight WJ, Polym. Eng. Sci., 19, 519 (1979)
Kramer EJ, Berger LL, Adv. Polym. Sci., 90-91, 1 (1990)
Krause S, J. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem., C7(2), 251 (1972)
Kyu T, Soldanha JM, Keisel MJ, "Two-Phase Polymer Systems," Utraki, L.A., ed. Hanser Publ. Munich (1991)
Ma X, Sauer JA, Hara M, Macromolecules, 28(11), 3953 (1995)
Ma X, Sauer JA, Hara M, Polymer, 37(21), 4739 (1996)
Manson JA, Sperling LH, "Polymer Blends and Composites," Plenum Press, N.Y. (1978)
Oh YS, Lee YM, Kim BK, J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., B33, 243 (1994)
Olabisi O, Robeson LM, Shaw MT, "Polymer-Polymer Miscibility," Acad. Press (1979)
Paul DR, Newman S, "Polymer Bends, V. 1 and 2," Acad. Press, N.Y. (1979)
Storey RF, Chisholm BJ, Lee Y, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37(1), 73 (1997)
Tsou L, Ma X, Sauer JA, Hara M, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 36(7), 1235 (1998)
Tsou L, Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University (1997)
Utraki LA, Weiss RA, ACS Symp. Ser., 385 (1989)
Utraki LA, "Two-Phase Polymer Systems," Hanser Publ. Munich (1991)
Xie H, Xu J, Zhou S, Polymer, 32, 95 (1991)
Yee AF, Polym. Eng. Sci., 17, 212 (1977)
Zeng X, Li H, Xu X, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 31, 321 (1992)