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Received October 16, 2003
Accepted October 29, 2003
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Imaging Nanostructured Fluids Using Cryo-TEM
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2004, 21(1), 296-302(7), 10.1007/BF02705412
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Abstract
Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has gained increasing popularity among researchers in the field of amphiphilic self-assembly as an experimental method of choice because of its unique ability to visualize nanostructures in complex fluids. Due to many recent technical improvements in the instrumentation, cryo-TEM experiments are now common. However, some limitations and possible artifacts are still a problem, and awareness of them remains a prerequisite for reliable operations and interpretation. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the basic methods and procedures by which the cryo-TEM experiments are typically practiced. As examples, this paper also presents recent results derived from our cryo-TEM studies of micellization of block copolymer blends which clearly illustrate the unique usefulness of the technique for exploring the unexpected, complex, and/or heterogeneous nanostructures in amphiphilic solutions.
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References
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Clausen TM, Vinson PK, Minter JR, Davis HT, Talmon Y, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 474 (1992)
Costello MJ, Corless JM, J. Microsc.-Oxford, 112, 17 (1978)
Danino D, Bernheim-Groswasser A, Talmon Y, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 183-185, 113 (2001)
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Dubochet J, Adrian M, Dustin I, Furrer P, Stasiak A, Methods Enzymol., 211, 507 (1992)
Edwards K, Gustafsson J, Almgren M, Karlsson G, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 161, 299 (1993)
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Fetters LJ, Lohse DJ, Richter D, Witten TA, Zirkel A, Macromolecules, 27(17), 4639 (1994)
Gulik-Krzywicki T, Costello MJ, J. Microsc.-Oxford, 112, 103 (1978)
Gustafsson J, Arvidson G, Karlsson G, Almgren M, BBA-Biomembranes, 1235, 305 (1995)
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Karlstrom G, Carlsson A, Lindman B, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 5005 (1990)
Kasas S, Dumas G, Dietler G, Catsicas S, Adrian M, J. Microsc.-Oxford, 211, 48 (2003)
Lambert O, Letellier L, Gelbart WM, Rigaud JL, PNAS USA, 97, 7248 (2000)
Li XB, Lin ZC, Cai J, Scriven LE, Davis HT, J. Phys. Chem., 99(27), 10865 (1995)
Lin Z, Langmuir, 12(7), 1729 (1996)
Mayer E, J, Microsc.-Oxford, 140, 3 (1985)
Pochan DJ, Pakstis L, Ozbas B, Nowak AP, Deming TJ, Macromolecules, 35(14), 5358 (2002)
Porte G, Gomati R, Haitamy OE, Appell J, Marignan J, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 5746 (1986)
Siegel DP, Burns JL, Chestnut MH, Talmon Y, Biophys. J., 56, 161 (1989)
Silvander M, Karlsson G, Edwards K, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 179(1), 104 (1996)
Talmon Y, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 93, 366 (1983)
Talmon Y, "Electron Beam Radiation Damage to Organic and Biological Cryospecimens," Cryotechniques in Biological Electron Microscopy, Steinbrecht, R.A. and Zierold, K., eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 64 (1987)
Talmon Y, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 100, 364 (1996)
Unwin N, Nature, 373(6509), 37 (1995)
Vinson PK, "Cryo-Electron and Optical Microscopy of Surfactant Microstructures," Ph.D. University of Minnesota (1988)
Williams DB, Carter CB, "Transimission Electron Microscopy," Plenum Press, New York (1996)
Won YY, "Block Copolymer Micelles in Water," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (2000)
Won YY, Brannan AK, Davis HT, Bates FS, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106(13), 3354 (2002)
Won YY, Davis HT, Bates FS, Science, 283(5404), 960 (1999)
Won YY, Davis HT, Bates FS, Macromolecules, 36(3), 953 (2003)
Zasadzinski JAN, J. Microsc.-Oxford, 150, 137 (1988)
Zheng Y, Lin Z, Zakin JL, Talmon Y, Davis HT, Scriven LE, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104(22), 5263 (2000)
Zheng Y, Won YY, Bates FS, Davis HT, Scriven LE, Talmon Y, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103(47), 10331 (1999)
