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Received January 17, 2005
Accepted June 21, 2005
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Flammability Studies of Benzene and Methanol with Various Vapor Mixing Ratios at 150 ℃
Process Safety and Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST), 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Touliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan 1Doctoral Candidate, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST), 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Touliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan 2Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST), 1, Jin-Ten Rd., Houlong, Miaoli, 35664, Taiwan
khhu@jente.edu.tw
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2005, 22(6), 803-812(10), 10.1007/BF02705658
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Abstract
.Both benzene and methanol are important raw materials in petrochemical industries worldwide. However, with increased demand in the past few years, the fire and explosion hazards from both benzene and methanol under abnormal conditions have increased rapidly with the demand. This study investigated the flammability characteristics of a binary solution for the mixture of benzene and methanol at various vapor-mixing ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 vol%) under 150 oC, 760 and 1,520 mmHg by using a 20 Liter Spherical Explosion Vessel. Such work leads to specific safety-related property parameters, including upper explosion limit (UEL), lower explosion limit (LEL), minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), maximum explosion pressure (Pmax), maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dP/dt)max, and gas or vapor explosion constant (Kg). Along with the results which show that the UEL, Pmax, and Kg all increased with the pressure and oxygen concentration, a triangular flammability diagram was also established. This all serves to elucidate the potential hazards when vapors of different flammable chemicals are mixed.
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References
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Chem. Systems, Inc., Manlo Park, California, USA (1995)
Chen JK, Fire and Explosion Hazard Analysis Hazard Analysis on Flammable Binary Solution-An Example on Benzene/Methanol Mixtures, MS Thesis, NYUST, Taiwan, Roc, p. 12 (2004)
Crowl DA, Louvar JF, Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, 2nd ed., New Jersey, USA, pp. 225-289 (2002)
English A, Rovner J, Brown J, Davies S, Methanol in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th ed., Kirk-Othmer (Ed.), New York, USA, 16, p. 537 (1996)
Fruscella W, Benzene in Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th ed., Kirk-Othmer (Ed.), New York, USA, 4, p. 73 (1996)
Hong SS, Lee GH, Lee GD, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(3), 440 (2003)
Jo YD, Kim JY, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(3), 292 (2001)
Khan FI, Rani JD, Abbasi SA, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 15(2), 124 (1998)
Kim KH, Shin D, Yoon ES, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(6), 992 (2003)
Kuhner B, Operating Instructions 20-L-Apparatus 6.0, Switzerland (2005)
Le Chatelier H, Ann. Mines, 8(19), 388 (1891)
Lee KS, Hong CS, Lee CS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1(1), 1 (1984)
Lee KH, Lee JS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 12(4), 460 (1995)
NFPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, USA (2002)
O'Shaughnessey D, Power B, Process Saf. Prog., 14, 22 (1995)
Park HS, Ihm SK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2(1), 69 (1985)
Park KS, Kim JY, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(3), 285 (2001)
"Petrochemical Industry of Taiwan, ROC", Petrochemical Industry As-sociation of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (2005)
Rah SC, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1(2), 89 (1984)
Shu CM, Wen PJ, J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 15(4), 253 (2002)
Siwek R, J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 9(1), 21 (1996)
Zabetakis MG, "Fire and Explosion Hazards at Temperature and Pressure Extremes", AIChE-Inst. Chem. Eng. Symp. Sec. 2, Chem. Eng. Extreme Cond., Proc. Symp., p. 99 (1965)
