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Received December 1, 2007
Accepted January 26, 2008
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Effect of Ni in palladium β-zeolite on hydroisomerization of n-decane
Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2008, 25(5), 987-997(11), 10.1007/s11814-008-0160-9
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Abstract
Bifunctional catalysts containing (0.1-0.5 wt%) Nickel and 0.1 wt% of Pd supported on H-β zeolite were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, TPD and TPR techniques. The catalytic activity of Ni containing and Ni free Pd/H-β Catalysts was studied, and it was found that Ni up to a threshold value (0.3 wt% on β) produced increased the n-decane conversion and isomerization selectivity. When Ni content exceeds the threshold value, the conversion increases but isomerized products decrease. Moreover, Ni containing Pd/H-β showed increased sustainability and favored the protonated cyclopropane (PCP) intermediate mechanism in n-decane isomerization. The catalyst containing 0.3 wt% Ni 0.1 wt% Pd is adjudged as one performing better than other catalysts studied because of the isomerized mixture from it shows better octane number.
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References
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Guisnet M, Fouche V, Belloum M, Bournonville JP, Travers C, Appl. Catal., 71, 283 (1991)
Hochtl M, Jentys A, Vinek H, J. Catal., 190(2), 419 (2000)
Ponec V, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng., 11, 41 (1975)
Sachtler WMH, Catal. Rev., 14, 193 (1976)
Bertolini JC, Tardi B, Abon M, Billy J, Delichre P, Massardier J, Surf. Sci., 135, 117 (1983)
Dominguez JM, Vazquez A, Renouprez AJ, Yacaman MJ, Surf. Sci., 75, 101 (1982)
Coonradt ML, Garwood WE, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 3, 38 (1964)
Martens JA, Tielen M, Jacobs PA, Weitkamp J, Zeolites, 4, 98 (1984)
Arifulin AS, Vol-Epshtein AB, Krichko AA, Yulin MK, Khimiya Tverdogo Topliva, 5, 122 (1976)
Martens JA, Perez-Pariente J, Jacobs PA, Acta Physica et Chemica, 31, 487 (1985)
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Corma A, Martinez A, Pergher S, Peratello S, Perego C, Bellusi G, Appl. Catal., 152, 107 (1997)
Galperin LB, Appl. Catal., 209, 257 (2001)
Galperin LB, Bradley SA, Mezza TM, Appl. Catal., 219, 79 (2001)
Elangovan SP, Bischof C, Hartmann M, Catal. Lett., 80(1-2), 35 (2002)
Elangovan SP, Hartmann M, J. Catal., 217(2), 388 (2003)
Rezgui Y, Guemini M, Appl. Catal., 282, 45 (2005)
Dorado F, Romero R, Canizares P, Appl. Catal., 236, 235 (2002)
Canizares P, Delucas A, Valverde JL, Dorado F, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36(11), 4797 (1997)
Treacy MMJ, Higgins JB, XRD powder patterns for zeolites, Vth edition (2004)
Faherazzi G, Benedetti A, Martorans A, Giuliano S, Duca D, Deganello G, Catal. Lett., 6, 263 (1990)
Cullity BD, Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison Wasley Pub Co. New York, 284 (1978)
Eswaramoorthi I, Lingappan N, Catal. Lett., 87, 133 (2003)
Jao RM, Lin TB, Chang JR, J. Catal., 161(1), 222 (1996)
Lee CG, Kim JS, Song PS, Choi GS, Kang Y, Choi MJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(1), 133 (2003)
de Lucas A, Sanchez P, Funez A, Ramos MJ, Valverde JL, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., in press
Canizares P, de Lucas A, Dorado F, Duran A, Asencio I, Appl. Catal., 169, 137 (1998)
Yoshioka CMN, Garetto T, Cardoso D, Catal. Today, 107, 693 (2005)
Feeley JS, Sachlter WMH, Zeolites, 10, 738 (1990)
Narayana M, Michalik J, Contarini S, Kevan L, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 3895 (1985)
Minchev Ch, Knazirev V, Kosova L, Pechev V, Grunsser W, Schimidt F, in: L.V. C. Rees (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Zeolites, Heydon, London, 335 (1980)
Narayanan S, Zeolites, 4, 231 (1984)
Xiao S, Meng Z, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 90, 2591 (1994)
Romero MD, de Lucas A, Calles JA, Rodriguez A, Appl. Catal., 146, 425 (1996)
Zhang WM, Smirniotis PG, J. Catal., 182(2), 400 (1999)
Jordao MH, Simoes V, Montes A, Cardoso E, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 130, 2387 (2000)
Giannetto GE, Perot GE, Guisnet MR, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 25, 481 (1986)
Kuznetsov PN, J. Catal., 218(1), 12 (2003)
Steijns M, Froment G, Jacobs P, Uytterhoeven J, Weitkamp J, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 20, 654 (1981)
Weitkamp J, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 21, 550 (1982)
Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Theoretical aspects of heterogeneous catalysis (J. B. Moffat, Ed.), Chap. 2, Catalysis Series, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1990)
Meriaudeau P, Tuan VA, Lelebvre F, Nghiem VT, Naccache C, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 22, 435 (1998)
de Lucas A, Valverde JL, Sanchez P, Dorado F, Ramos MJ, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 282(1-2), 15 (2005)
Baerlocher Ch, Meier WH, Olson DH, Vth edition, pub. Struc. Comm. IZA (2001)
Brouwer DM, in: R. Prins, G. C. A. Schult (Eds.), Chemistry and chemical engineering of catalytic processes, Sijthof and Noordhoff, Germantown, MD (1980)
