Fe-substituted mordenites were synthesized hydrothermally, partially substituting iron atoms for the framework aluminum of mordenite. XRD, SEM, IR, UV-VIS DRS, ESR, XAS, and catalytic activity studies provided the evidence of Fe^(3+) present in the zeolite framework. The framework IR bands were shifted to lower frequencies as Fe^(3+) ions incorporated into the lattice, and a new Si-O-Fe bond vibration was located near 668 cm.1. The presence of a signal at g=4.3 in the ESR spectra was assigned to Fe^(3+) isomorphously substituted in the tetrahedral position. EXAFS at the Fe K-edge revealed that the Fe^(3+) ions were present in the zeolite framework in a four-fold coordination with an average Fe-O distance of 1.86 A. In the UV-vis spectra, an absorption was observed at 375.7 nm which was assigned to the presence of Fe^(3+) in the zeolite framework. A toluene alkylation study reflected that the acidity strength of mordenite_x000D_ is weakened due to the presence of lattice iron species.

Mordenite Iron Isomorphous Substitution Characterization XAS

Dong M, Wang J, Sun Y, Hu T, Liu T, Xie Y, Acta Chim. Sinica, 43, 237 (2001)
Chen HY, El-Malki EM, Wang X, van Santen RA, Sachtler WMH, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 162(1-2), 159 (2000)
Szostak R, Thomas TL, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 113 (1986)
Fejes P, Kiricsi I, Kovacs K, Lazar K, Marsi I, Oszko A, Rockenbauer A, Schay Z, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 223(1-2), 147 (2002)
Testa F, Pasqua L, Crea F, Aiello R, Lazar K, Fejes P, Lentz P, Nagy JB, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 57, 57 (2003)
Melero JA, Calleja G, Martinez F, Molina R, Lazar K, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 74, 11 (2004)
Kim GJ, Ahn WS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 9(2), 60 (1992)
Giordano G, Katovic A, Caputo D, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 140, 307 (2001)
Mohamed MM, Gomaa NS, El-Moselhy M, Eissa NA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 259(2), 331 (2003)
Kumar R, Ratnasamy P, J. Catal., 121, 89 (1990)
Ratnasamy P, Kumar R, Catal. Today, 9, 327 (1991)
Lattam K, Round CI, Williams CD, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 38, 333 (2000)
Umamaheswari V, Bohlmann W, Poppl A, Vinu A, Hartmann M, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 89, 47 (2006)
Perez-Ramirez J, Groen JC, Bruckner A, Kumar MS, Bentrup U, Debbagh MN, Villaescusa LA, J. Catal., 232(2), 318 (2005)
Ristic A, Tusar NN, Vlaic G, Arcon I, Thibault-Starzyk F, Malicki N, Kaucic V, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 76, 61 (2004)
Ristic A, Tusar NN, Arcon I, Logar NZ, Thibault-Starzyk F, Czyzniewska J, Kaucic V, Chem. Mater., 15, 3643 (2003)
Nesterenko NS, Ponomoreva OA, Yuschenko VV, Ivanova II, Testa F, Di Renzo F, Fajula F, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 254(2), 261 (2003)
Zhao W, Kong L, Luo Y, Li Q, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 100, 111 (2007)
Kumar AS, Perez-Ramirez J, Debbagh MN, Smarsly B, Bentrup U, Bruckner A, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 62(3-4), 244 (2006)
Han Y, Meng X, Guan H, Yu Y, Zhao L, Xu X, Yang X, Wu S, Li N, Xiao FS, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 57, 191 (2003)
Tusar NN, Logar NZ, Arcon I, Mali G, Mazaj M, Ristic A, Lazar K, Kaucic V, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 87, 52
Aiello R, Nagy JB, Giordano G, Katovic A, Testa F, C. R. Chimie, 8, 321 (2005)
Demuth T, Hafner J, Benco L, Toulhoat H, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104(19), 4593 (2000)
Yuan SP, Wang JG, Li YW, Peng SY, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 175(1-2), 131 (2001)
Fejes P, Nagy JB, Halasz J, Oszko A, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 175(1-2), 89 (1998)
Stern EA, Newville M, Ravel B, Yacoby BY, Haskel D, Physica B, 208-209, 117 (1995)
Newville M, Livins P, Yacoby Y, Rehr JJ, Stern EA, Phys. Rev. B, 47, 14126 (1993)
D'Angelo P, Benfatto M, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108(20), 4505 (2004)
Rehr JJ, Albers RC, Zabinsky SI, Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 3397 (1992)
Lee T, Benesch F, Jiang Y, Rose-Petruck CG, Chem. Phys., 299, 233 (2004)
Kim GJ, Ahn WS, Zeolites, 11, 745 (1991)