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Received December 21, 2009
Accepted January 16, 2010
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity of purslane undergoing microwave heat treatment
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpa a Campus, 34210, Esenler/Istanbul, Turkey
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2010, 27(5), 1377-1383(7), 10.1007/s11814-010-0251-2
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Abstract
The effects of microwave drying on moisture content, moisture ratio, drying time and effective moisture diffusivity of purslane leaves (Portulaca oleracea L.) were investigated. By increasing the microwave output power (180-900W) and the sample amounts (25-100 g), the drying time decreased from 43 to 12.5 minutes and increased from 27 to 54 minutes, respectively. To determine the kinetic parameters, the drying data were fitted to various models based on the ratios of the differences between the initial and final moisture contents and equilibrium moisture content versus drying time. Among the models proposed, the semi-empirical Midilli et al. model gave a better fit for all drying conditions applied. By increasing the microwave output power and decreasing the sample amount, the effective moisture diffusivity values ranged from 5.913×10^(-11) to 1.872×10^(-10) m2/s and from 9.889×10^(-11) to 3.292×10^(-11) m2/s, respectively. The activation energy was calculated using an exponential expression based on the Arrhenius equation.
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References
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Lim YY, Quah EPL, Food Chem., 103(3), 734 (2007)
Garti N, Slavin Y, Aserin A, Food Hydrocolloid., 13(2), 145 (1999)
Fontana E, Hoeberechts J, Nicola S, Cros V, Palmegiano GB, Peiretti PG, J. Sci. Food Agric., 86, 2417 (2006)
Kilic CC, Kukul YS, Anac D, Agr. Water Manage., 95(7), 854 (2008)
Barbosa-Canovas GV, Vega-Mercado H, Dehydration of Foods., 1st Ed., Chapman & Hall, New York (1996)
Park KJ, Vohnikova Z, Brod FRP, J. Food Eng., 51(3), 193 (2002)
Maskan M, J. Food Eng., 44(2), 71 (2000)
Soysal Y, Oztekin S, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 78, 57 (2000)
Decareau RV, Microwaves in the Food Processing Industry, 1st Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, FL (1985)
Decareau RV, Encyclopaedia of Food Science and Technology, 3, John Wiley & Sons, USA (1992)
Sharma GP, Prasad S, J. Food Eng., 75(4), 441 (2005)
Madamba PS, Driscoll RH, Buckle KA, J. Food Eng., 29(1), 75 (1996)
Vazquez G, Chenlo F, Moreira R, Castoyas A, Drying Technol., 17(6), 1095 (1999)
Bilbao-Sainz A, Andres C, Chiralt A, Fito P, J. Food Eng., 74(1), 160 (2006)
Krokida MK, Maroulis ZB, Saravacos GD, Int. J. Food Sci.Tech., 36(1), 53 (2001)
Feng H, Tang J, Cavalieri RP, Drying Technol., 17, 1981 (1999)
Walde SG, Balaswamy K, Velu V, Rao DG, J. Food Eng., 55(3), 271 (2002)
Kadlec P, Rubecova A, Hinkova A, Kaasova J, Bubnik Z, Pour V, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg., 2(2), 133 (2001)
Sumnu G, Turabi E, Oztop M, LWT., 38(5), 549 (2005)
Wang J, Xi YS, J. Food Eng., 68(4), 505 (2005)
Wang W, Thorat BH, Chen G, Mujumdar AS, Drying Technol., 20(9), 1855 (2002)
Stanislawski J, Drying Technol., 23(8), 1711 (2005)
Zheng-Wei C, Shi-Ying X, Da-Wen S, Chen W, Drying Technol., 23(5), 1057 (2005)
Wang J, Sheng K, LWT., 39(3), 247 (2006)
Soysal Y, Biosyst. Eng., 89(2), 167 (2004)
Panchariya PC, Popovic D, Sharma AL, J. Food Eng., 52(4), 349 (2002)
Temple SJ, Van Boxtel AJB, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 74(2), 203 (1999)
Funebo T, Ohlsson T, J. Food Eng., 38(3), 353 (1998)
Rodriguez R, Lombrana JI, Kamel M, Elvira C, Drying Technol., 23(9-11), 2197 (2005)
McMinn WAM, Food Res. Int., 37, 1041 (2004)
McMinn WAM, J. Food Eng., 72(2), 113 (2006)
Wang W, Chen G, Drying Technol., 23(9-11), 2147 (2005)
McMinn WAM, Khraisheh MAM, Magee TRA, Food Res. Int., 36, 977 (2003)
McMinn WAM, Khraisheh MAM, Magee TRA, Food Res. Int., 37, 497 (2004)
Xu Y, Min Z, Mujumdar AS, Le-Qun Z, Jin-Cai S, Drying Technol., 22(9), 2201 (2004)
Yeo YK, Hwang KS, Yi SC, Kang H, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(4), 761 (2004)
Choi KB, Park SI, Park YS, Sung SW, Lee DH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 19(6), 1106 (2002)
Yi SC, Moon SK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 14(2), 141 (1997)
Dadali G, Apar DK, Ozbek B, Drying Technol., 25(5), 917 (2007)
Dadali G, Demirhan E, Ozbek B, Drying Technol., 25(10), 1703 (2007)
Demirhan E, Ozbek B, J. Food Process. Pres., 34, 476 (2010)
Pehlivan D, Togrul IT, J. Food Eng., 65(3), 413 (2004)
Ozdemir M, Devres YO, J. Food Eng., 42(4), 225 (1999)
Midilli A, Kucuk H, Yapar Z, Drying Technol., 20, 1503 (2002)
Chen C, Wu PC, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 80, 45 (2001)
Ertekin C, Yaldiz E, J. Food Eng., 63, 349 (2004)
Akpinar EK, J. Food Eng., 77, 864 (2006)
Abe T, Afzal TM, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 67, 289 (1997)
Crank J, The mathematics of diffusion (2nd ed.), Oxford, UK, Clarendon Press. (1975)
Wang Z, Sun J, Chen F, Liao X, Hu X, J. Food Eng., 80(2), 536 (2007)
Dadali G, Apar DK, Ozbek B, Drying Technol., 25(9), 1445 (2007)
Kashaninejad M, Tabil LG, Drying Technol., 22(9), 2183 (2004)
Gogus F, Maskan M, Drying Technol., 17(4-5), 883 (1999)
