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Received December 22, 2009
Accepted January 16, 2010
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Laminar heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a circular tube
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
etemad@cc.iut.ac.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2010, 27(5), 1391-1396(6), 10.1007/s11814-010-0250-3
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Abstract
Forced convection heat transfer behavior of three different types of nanofluids flowing through a uniformly heated horizontal tube under laminar regime has been investigated experimentally. Nanofluids were made by dispersion of γ-Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). All nanofluids as well as the base fluid exhibit shear-thinning behavior. Results of heat transfer experiments indicate that both average and the local heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids are larger than that of the base fluid. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient increases by increasing nanoparticle loading. At a given Peclet number and nanoparticle concentration the local heat transfer coefficient decreases by axial distance from the test section inlet. It seems that the thermal entry length of nanofluids is greater than the base fluid and becomes longer as nanoparticle concentration increases.
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He YR, Jin Y, Chen HS, Ding YL, Cang DQ, Lu HL, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 50(11-12), 2272 (2007)
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Kulkarni DP, Namburu PK, Bargar HE, Das DK, Heat Transf. Eng., 29(12), 1027 (2008)
Sharma KV, Sundar LS, Sarma PK, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 36(5), 503 (2009)
Anoop KB, Sundararajan T, Das SK, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(9-10), 2189 (2009)
Rea U, McKrell T, Hu LW, Buongiorno J, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(7-8), 2042 (2009)
Hwang KS, Jang SP, Choi SUS, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(1-2), 193 (2009)
Gherasim I, Roy G, Nguyen CT, Vo-Ngoc D, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 48(8), 1486 (2009)
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Lai WY, Vinod S, Phelan PE, Ravi P, J. Heat Transf., 131(11), 112401 (2009)
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Ding Y, Alias H, Wen D, Williams RA, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 49, 240 (2006)
Garg P, Alvarado JL, Marsh C, Carlson TA, Kessler DA, Annamalai K, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(21-22), 5090 (2009)
Xuan Y, Li Q, J. Heat Transf., 125(1), 151 (2003)
Yang Y, Zhang ZG, Grulke EA, Anderson WB, Wu GF, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 48(6), 1107 (2005)
Yu WH, France DM, Smith DS, Singh D, Timofeeva EV, Routbort JL, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(15-16), 3606 (2009)
Torii S, Yang WJ, J. Heat Transf., 131 (2009)
Sharma A, Chakraborty S, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 51(19-20), 4875 (2008)
Laskar JM, Philip J, Raj B, Phys. Rev. E - Statistical, Nonlinear; and Soft Matter Physics., 78(3) (2008)
Wang XQ, Mujumdar AS, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 46, 1 (2007)
Wang XQ, Mujumdar AS, Brazilian J. Chem. Eng., 25(4), 361 (2008)
Kakac S, Pramuanjaroenkij A, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 52(13-14), 3187 (2009)
Chandrasekar M, Suresh S, Chandra Bose A, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 34(2), 210 (2010)
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Hojjat M, Etemad SG, Bagheri R, Thibault J, in The 6th Int. Chemical Engineering Congress & Exhibition, Kish Island, Iran (2009)
Xuan YM, Roetzel W, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 43(19), 3701 (2000)
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Heris SZ, Esfahany MN, Etemad G, Numer. Heat Transf.Part A., 52(11), 1043 (2007)
