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Received March 8, 2010
Accepted May 3, 2010
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Optimizing photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO2/GAC using response surface methodology
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus,14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2011, 28(1), 84-92(9), 10.1007/s11814-010-0318-0
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Abstract
TiO2 deposited on granular activated carbon (TiO2/GAC) was used for photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The effects of photocatalyst loading, initial substrate concentration and addition of an oxidizing agent as H2O2 were investigated using a one-factor-at-a-time experiment. Central composite design, an experimental design for response surface methodology (RSM), was used for the modelling and optimization of the phenol degradation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the proposed quadratic model was in agreement with the experimental case with R2 and R2(adj) correlation coefficients of 0.9760 and 0.9544, respectively. Accordingly, the optimum conditions for phenol degradation were a photocatalyst loading of two layers, initial phenol concentration of 34.44 mg L^(-1) and H2O2 concentration of 326.90 mg L^(-1). The TiO2/GAC was used for five cycles with phenol degradation efficiency still higher than 90%. Finally, the phenol that remained adsorbed on GAC was able to migrate to TiO2 and then photocatalytically be degraded.
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References
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Cho IH, Zoh KD, Dyes Pigments., 75, 533 (2007)
Betianu C, Caliman FA, Gavrilescu M, Cretescu I, Cojocaru C, Poulios I, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 83(11), 1454 (2008)
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Yeber MC, Soto C, Riveros R, Navarrete J, Vidal G, Chem. Eng. J., 152(1), 14 (2009)
Sakkas VA, Calza P, Islam MA, Medana C, Baiocchi C, Panagiotou K, Albanis T, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 90(3-4), 526 (2009)
Wang XJ, Hu ZH, Chen YJ, Zhao GH, Liu YF, Wen ZB, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255(7), 3953 (2009)
Montgomery DC, Design and analysis of experiments, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1991)
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Silva CG, Faria JL, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 305(1-2), 147 (2009)
Wu CH, Dyes Pigments., 77, 31 (2008)
Kashif N, Ouyang F, J. Environ. Sci., 21, 527 (2009)
Sobczynski A, Duczmal L, Zmudzinski W, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 213(2), 225 (2004)
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Irmak S, Kusvuran E, Erbatur O, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 54(2), 85 (2004)
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Liu SX, Chen XY, Chen X, J. Hazard. Mater., 143(1-2), 257 (2007)
Lee DK, Kim SC, Cho IC, Kim SJ, Kim SW, Sep. Purif. Technol., 34(1-3), 59 (2004)
