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Received February 26, 2011
Accepted May 5, 2011
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Modeling and simulations of a reformer used in direct reduction of iron
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
aajbar@ksu.edu.sa
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, December 2011, 28(12), 2242-2249(8), 10.1007/s11814-011-0122-5
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed modeling and simulations of a reformer unit used in the direct reduction of iron (DRI) process. A one-dimensional heterogeneous model for the catalyst tubes which takes into account the intraparticle mass transfer resistance was developed, while the furnace was modeled with bottom firing configuration. Validation against data from a local iron/steel plant showed satisfactory results. The performance variables of the unit were the_x000D_
process gas temperature, wall temperature and conversions of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide. The profiles of these output variables along the distance were calculated. The effect of operating parameters such as inlet temperature, natural gas flow rate and gas composition was also determined.
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Filla M, Chem. Eng. Sci., 39, 159 (1984)
Soliman MA, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 1198 (1988)
Farhadi F, Hashemi MYM, Babaheidari MB, Ironmak. Steelmak., 30, 18 (2003)
Farhadi F, Babaheidari MB, Hashemi MMY, Appl. Therm. Eng., 25, 2398 (2005)
Sadri M, Vakhshouri K, Hashemi MMYM, Ironmak. Steelmak., 34, 115 (2007)
Shayegan J, Hashemi MMY, Vakhshouri K, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 86, 757 (2008)
Hyman MH, Hydrocarb. Process., 49, 131 (1968)
Xu J, Froment GF, AIChE J., 35 (1969)
De Deken JC, Devos EF, Froment GF, Steam reforming of natural gas: Intrinsic kinetics, diffusional influences, and reactor design, Chemical Reaction Engineering, ACS Symp. Ser., 196, Boston (1982)
Rostrup-Nielsen JR, J. Catal., 85, 31 (1984)
Soliman MA, El-Nashaie S, Al-Obaid A, Idriss I, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 1801 (1988)
Ravi K, Joshi YK, Guha BK, Chem. Eng. Technol., 12, 358 (1989)
El-Nashaie S, Idriss A, Soliman MA, Al-Ubaid A, Can. J.Chem. Eng., 70, 786 (1992)
Kvamsdal HM, Svendsen HF, Hertzberg T, Olsvik O, Chem. Eng. Sci., 54(13-14), 2697 (1999)
Rajesh JK, Gupta SK, Rangaiah GP, Ray AK, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39(3), 706 (2000)
Pedernera MN, Pina J, Borio DO, Bucala V, Chem. Eng. J., 94(1), 29 (2003)
Dixon AG, Nijemeisland M, Stitt EH, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(16), 6342 (2005)
Jeon SK, Park CS, Kim SD, Song BH, Norbeck JM, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25(6), 1279 (2008)
Roesler FC, Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 1325 (1967)
McGreavy C, Newman M, IEEE Conf. on the Ind. Appl. of Dynamic Modelling, Durham., Sep. (1964)
Singh CPP, Saraf DN, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 18, 1 (1979)
Murty CVS, Murthy MVK, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 27, 1832 (1988)
Selcuk N, Siddal RG, Beer JM, J. Inst. Fuel., 48, 89 (1975)
Akers WW, Camp DP, AIChE J., 4, 471 (1955)
Froment GF, Bischoff LB, Chemical reactor: Analysis and design, John Wiley & Sons (1990)
Reid R, Sherwood T. The Properties of gases and liquids, McGraw Hill (1958)
Filla M, Chem. Eng. Sci., 39, 159 (1984)
Soliman MA, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 1198 (1988)
