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Received August 23, 2023
Accepted August 23, 2023
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Etherification of glycerol by isobutylene. Effects of the density of acidic sites in ion-exchange resin on the distribution of products
R&D Center, GS-Caltex Corporation, Daejeon 305-380, Korea 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
C16635@gscaltex.co.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, March 2011, 28(3), 756-762(7), 10.1007/s11814-010-0452-8
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Abstract
Etherification of glycerol by isobutylene was performed using ion-exchange resin Amberlyst 15, partially neutralized Amberlyst 15 as heterogeneous catalyst, and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a homogeneous catalyst. Amberlyst 15 exhibited strong internal diffusion limitations for the initial composition of reaction mixture. Diffusion limitations decrease in the course of reaction due to the accumulation of mono-ether having excellent solubilizing properties. Oligomerized isobutylene is a dominant by-product for high isobutylene-to-glycerol ratio and long contact time in the case_x000D_
of Amberlyst 15. Density reduction of acidic protons in Amberlyst 15 by partial ion exchange with sodium ions leads to considerable reduction of isobutylene affinity to Amberlyst 15, and as a result, it reduced losses of isobutylene. This partial neutralization leads to lower space-time yields of target products, but enhances selectivity to higher ethers with maintaining conversion of glycerol over 95%.
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