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Received December 19, 2010
Accepted January 18, 2011
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Controlling the morphology of trioctyl phosphine oxide-coated cadmium selenide/poly 3-hexyl thiophene composite active layer for bulk hetero-junction solar cells
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A., USA 2Research Center for Ultra Precision Sci. & Tech., Osaka University, Japan
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2011, 28(7), 1625-1631(7), 10.1007/s11814-011-0015-7
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Abstract
Bulk hetero-junction solar cells with CdSe nanoparticles-P3HT (poly 3-hexyl thiophene)composite active layer were fabricated, and the control of morphological feature of the nanoparticle-polymer composite thin films was investigated. A binary solvent composed of a primary solvent with intermediate polarity and a secondary solvent with high polarity was found to be effective in controlling the dispersion of the CdSe nanocrystals in the P3HT matrix, and the modification of the nanocrystal surface by liquid-liquid extraction process was found to be effective in achieving the desired composite film morphology. Surface roughness of the active layer was optimized for various loadings of CdSe nanoparticles and could be reproducibly controlled to less than 10 nm.
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References
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Kim JY, Lee KH, Coates EN, Moses D, Nguyen TQ, Dante M, Heeger JA, Science., 317, 222 (2007)
Yu G, Heeger JA, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 4510 (1995)
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Chirvase D, Chguvare Z, Knipper M, Parisi V, Dyakonov V, Hummelen CJ, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 3376 (2003)
Greenham CN, Peng X, Alivisatos PA, Synthetic Metals., 84, 545 (1997)
Shaheen E, Christoph J, Sariciftci S, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 841 (2001)
Sacriciftci NS, Heeger AJ, Wudl F, Science., 258, 1474 (1992)
Yang CY, Heeger JA, Synthetic Metals., 83, 85 (1996)
Gur I, Fromer NA, Chen C, Kanaras AG, Alivisatos AP, Nano. Lett., 7, 409 (2007)
Sun B, Snaith HJ, Dhoot AS, Westenhoff S, Greenham NC, J. Appl. Phys., 97, 014914 (2005)
Sun B, Greenham NC, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 8, 3557 (2006)
Dayal S, Kopidakis N, Olson DC, Ginley DS, Rumbles G, Nano Lett., 10, 239 (2010)
Donega CM, Liljeroth P, Vanmaekelbergh D, Small., 1, 1152 (2005)
Farva U, Park C, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 94, 303 (2010)
Kim YW, Monroe ML, Seol J, Truong NTN, Cho SM, Anderson TJ, Park C, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25(5), 1036 (2008)
Ma WL, Yang CY, Gong X, Lee K, Heeger AJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 15(10), 1617 (2005)
Monroe ML, Kim YW, Truong NTN, Na YH, Seo LJ, Anderson TJ, Park C, Effect of Surface Modification by Solvent Exchange on Hybrid Bulk Hetero-junction Solar Cell Performance, Materials Research Society Conference, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A., 9-13, April (2007)
Huynh WU, Dittmer JJ, Libby WC, Whiting GL, Alivisatos AP, Adv. Funct. Mater., 13(1), 73 (2003)
Schilinsky P, Waldauf C, Brabec CJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 3885 (2002)
Truong NTN, Farva U, Kim YW, Na YH, Park C, Controlling the Morphology of Nanocrystal-Polymer Composite for Bulk Hetero-junction Solar Cells, PVSEC-17, Fukuoka, Japan, 3- 7, December (2007)
