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Received June 17, 2011
Accepted July 7, 2011
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The pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue using thermogravimetric analysis and a batch reactor
1Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea 2Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 303-343, Korea 3Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 331-717, Korea 5School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
catalica@uos.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2011, 28(9), 1867-1872(6), 10.1007/s11814-011-0176-4
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Abstract
A study on the pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue, with the aim of producing bio-oil, is reported. To elucidate the thermodynamics and temperature-dependency of the pyrolysis reaction of waste mandarin residue, the activation energy was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. Mass loss occurred within the temperature range 200-750 ℃, and the average activation energy was calculated to be 205.5 kJ/mol. Pyrolysis experiments were performed using a batch reactor, under different conditions, by varying the carrier gas flow rate and temperature. When the carrier gas flow rate was increased from 15 to 30 and finally to 50ml/min, the oil yield slightly increased. Experiments performed within the temperature range 400-800 ℃ showed the highest oil yield (38.16 wt%) at 500 ℃. The moisture content in the bio-oil increased from 35 to 45% as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 ℃, which also resulted in reduction of the oxygenates content and increase in the phenolics and aromatics content, indicating that temperature is an important operating parameter influencing the yield and composition of bio-oil.
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References
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Park HJ, Dong JI, Jeon JK, Yoo KS, Yim JS, Sohn JM, Park YK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13(2), 182 (2007)
Gaur S, Reed TB, An atlas of thermal data for biomass and other fuels, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden (1994)
Park HJ, Dong JI, Jeon JK, Park YK, Yoo KS, Kim SS, Kim J, Kim S, Chem. Eng. J., 143(1-3), 124 (2008)
Park HJ, Park YK, Dong JI, Kim JS, Jeon JK, Kim SS, Kim J, Song B, Park J, Lee KJ, Fuel Process. Technol., 90(2), 186 (2009)
Friedman HL, J. Polym. Sci., 6, 183 (1963)
Vamvuka D, Kakaras E, Kastanaki E, Grammelis P, Fuel., 82, 1949 (2003)
Fisher T, Hajalogol M, Waymack B, Kellogg D, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 62, 331 (2002)
Bridgwater AV, Meier D, Radlein D, Org. Geochem., 30, 1479 (1999)
Lu Q, Li WZ, Zhu XF, Energy Conv. Manag., 50(5), 1376 (2009)
