The applicability of tannery (TSC) and dye sludge char (DSC) as a binder to immobilize heavy metals (Zn, Cu and Ni) in soil was investigated. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was used to estimate the immobilization efficiency for single-binders (TSC and DSC) and binary-binders (TSC or DSC combined with tripostassium phosphate (K3PO4) diammonium phosphate (DAP), lime or ladle slag). The immobilization efficiencies of Zn, Cu and Ni by TSC amendment were 84.2, 100.0 and 40.0%, respectively, which were higher than 28.5, 100.0 and 54.9% by DSC amendment for a binder dose of 0.80 g char/g soil. The binary-binder enhanced Zn immobilization to 56.3 and 97.2% at 0.6 g-DSC/0.06 g-Ca(OH)2 and 0.4 g-TSC/0.08 g-Ca(OH)2, respectively per 1 g dried soil. The immobilization efficiencies of heavy metals increased with aging for the DSC-binary binders, but not for TSCbinary binders.

Char Dye Sludge Heavy Metals Immobilization Tannery Sludge

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