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Received February 23, 2013
Accepted May 6, 2013
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Synthesis of a new low-cost activated carbon from activated sludge for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption studies
Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, August 2013, 30(8), 1594-1602(9), 10.1007/s11814-013-0079-7
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Abstract
Elimination of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution was investigated by a new low cost activated carbon developed from aerobically digested activated sludge (ADAS). The adsorbent demonstrated remarkable characteristics such as high surface area of 760m2·g^(-1) and large total pore volume of 0.8383 cm3·g^(-1). The maximum equilibrium uptake of Cr (VI) was 70.15 mg·g^(-1) at optimum pH 2.0. Interpretation of equilibrium data revealed that the best description was provided by the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics of Cr (VI) adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second order equation. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. The adsorbent was regenerated using NaOH and it was found to be suitable for reuse in successive adsorption-desorption cycles. The desorption efficiency of Cr (VI) ion was up to 78%. Finally, comparison of Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbent with commercial activated carbon demonstrated its higher performance.
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Hafez AI, El-Manharawy MS, Khedr MA, Desalination, 144(1-3), 237 (2002)
Baral SS, Das SN, Rath P, Biochem. Eng. J., 31, 216 (2006)
Levankumar L, Muthukumaran V, Gobinath MB, J. Hazard. Mater., 161(2-3), 709 (2009)
Singh RS, Mondal MK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(12), 1782 (2012)
Zaini MAA, Amano Y, Machida M, J. Hazard. Mater., 180(1-3), 552 (2010)
Krishnani KK, Meng XG, Christodoulatos C, Boddu VM, J. Hazard. Mater., 153(3), 1222 (2008)
Babel S, Kurniawan TA, Chemosphere., 54, 951 (2004)
Giri AK, Patel R, Mandal S, Chem. Eng. J., 185, 71 (2012)
Al-Othman ZA, Ali R, Naushad M, Chem. Eng. J., 184, 238 (2012)
Kobya M, Bioresour. Technol., 91(3), 317 (2004)
Malkoc E, Nuhoglu Y, Dundar M, J. Hazard. Mater., 138(1), 142 (2006)
Karthikeyan T, Rajgopal S, Miranda LR, J. Hazard. Mater., 124(1-3), 192 (2005)
Selvaraj K, Manonmani S, Pattabhi S, Bioresour. Technol., 89(2), 207 (2003)
Liu C, Tang ZG, Chen Y, Su SJ, Jiang WJ, Bioresour. Technol., 101(3), 1097 (2010)
Khalili NR, Campbell M, Sandi G, Gola V, Carbon., 38, 1905 (2000)
Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Trussell RR, Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater 17th Ed. (1989)
Sing KSW, Everett DH, Haul RAW, Moscou L, Pierotti RA, Rouquerol J, Siemieniewska T, Pure Appl. Chem., 57, 603 (1985)
Vinodhini V, Das N, Am-Euras. J. Sci. Res., 4, 324 (2009)
Gardea-Torresday JL, Tiemann KJ, Armendariz V, Bess-Oberto L, Chianelli RR, Rios J, Parsons JG, Gamez G, J. Hazard. Mater., 80(1-3), 175 (2000)
Basha S, Murthy ZVP, Jha B, Chem. Eng. J., 137(3), 480 (2008)
Deveci HS, Kar Y, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 190 (2012)
Kumar R, Bishnoi NR, Garima, Bishnoi K, Chem. Eng. J., 135(3), 202 (2008)
Ghorbani F, Younesi H, Ghasempouri SM, Zinatizadeh AA, Amini M, Daneshi A, Chem. Eng. J., 145(2), 267 (2008)
Limousin G, Gaudet JP, Charlet L, Szenknect S, Barthes V, Krimissa M, Appl. Geochem., 22, 249 (2007)
Wong K, Lee C, Low K, Haron M, Chemosphere., 50, 23 (2003)
Radnia H, Ghoreyshi AA, Younesi H, Najafpour GD, Desalin. Water Treat., 50, 348 (2012)
Ho YS, McKay G, Process Biochem., 34(5), 451 (1999)
Low K, Lee C, Liew S, Process Biochem., 36, 59 (2000)
Oguz E, Colloids Surf., A., 252, 121 (2005)
