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Received July 27, 2013
Accepted October 1, 2013
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Removal of chemical oxygen demand from textile wastewater using a natural coagulant
Environmental Health Engineering Department, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2014, 31(1), 81-87(7), 10.1007/s11814-013-0197-2
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Abstract
A biomaterial was successfully synthesized from Plantago ovata by using an FeCl3-induced crude extract (FCE). The potential of FCE to act as a natural coagulant was tested for the pretreatment of real textile wastewater. Tests were performed to evaluate the effects of FCE quantity, salt concentration, and wastewater pH on chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction during a coagulation/flocculation process. Experimental results indicated that the wastewater_x000D_
could be effectively treated by using a coagulation/flocculation process, where the BOD5/COD ratio of the effluent was improved to 0.48. A low coagulant dose, 1.5mg/L, achieved a high COD removal percentage, 89%, at operational conditions of neutral pH and room temperature. The experimental data revealed that the maximum COD removal occurred at water pH<8. Increasing the salt promoted the COD removal. The settling and filterability characteristics of the sludge were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy studies were conducted to determine the sludge structure and composition, respectively. Overall, FCE as an eco-friendly biomaterial was revealed to be a very efficient coagulant and a promising option for the removal of COD from wastewaters.
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Bratskaya S, Schwartz S, Chervonetsky D, Water Res., 38, 2955 (2004)
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Gauthier E, Fortier I, Courchense F, Pepin P, Mortimer J, Gauvreau D, Environ. Res., 84, 234 (2000)
Anastasakis K, Kalderis D, Diamadopoulos E, Desalination, 249(2), 786 (2009)
Wang JP, Yuan SJ, Wang Y, Yu HQ, Water Res., 47, 2643 (2013)
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Okuda T, Baes AU, Nishijima W, Okada M, Water Res., 35, 830 (2001)
Okuda T, Baes AU, Nishijima W, Okada M, Water Res., 33, 3373 (1999)
Trefalt G, Szilagyi I, Borkovec M, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 406, 111 (2013)
Sanchez-Martin J, Ghebremichael K, Beltran-Heredia J, Bioresour. Technol., 101(15), 6259 (2010)
Zagorodni AA, Ion exchange materials: Properties and applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)
Richardson JF, Harker JH, Backhurst JR, Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering- Vol.2 Particle Technology & Separation Processes, 5th Ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, MA, 254 (2003)
Garg A, Mishra IM, Chand S, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(7), 2016 (2005)
McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriot P, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1008 (2001)
Mahesh S, Prasad B, Mall ID, Mishra IM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45(16), 5766 (2006)
APHA (American Public Health Association), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed, APHA, AWWA, WEF, Washington DC, USA (1998)
Altaher H, J. Hazard. Mater., 233-234, 97 (2012)
Okuda T, Baes AU, Nishijima W, Okada M, Water Res., 35, 405 (2001)
Diaz A, Rincon N, Escorihuela A, Fernandez N, Chacin E, Forster CF, Process Biochem., 35(3), 391 (1999)
Sanghi R, Bhatttacharya B, Singh V, Green Chem., 4, 252 (2002)
Sciban M, Klasnja M, Stojimirovic J, Acta Periodica Technol., 36, 81 (2005)
Voet D, Voet JG, Biochemistry, Wiley, New York (1990)
Nelson DL, Cox MM, Lehninger principles of biochemistry, Freeman WH, Co., New York (2008)
Hilal N, Al-Abri M, Moran A, Al-Hinai H, Desalination, 220(1-3), 85 (2008)
Edzwald JK, O’Melia CR, Clays and Clay Minerals., 23, 39 (1975)
Zhang PY, Wu Z, Zhang GM, Zeng GM, Zhang HY, Li J, Song XG, Dong JH, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63(3), 642 (2008)
Cheng WP, Chi FH, Li CC, Yu RF, Colloids Surf., A 312, 238 (2008)
Brigante M, Zanini G, Avena M, Colloids Surf., A294, 64 (2007)
Verrna S, Prasad B, Mishra IM, J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1-3), 1055 (2010)
Barnes D, Bliss PJ, Gould BW, Valentine HR, Water and wastewater systems, Pitman Publishing Inc., New York (1981)
Asgari G, Ramavandi B, Sahebi S, Desal. Water Treat., DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.823358. (2013)
