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Received November 8, 2013
Accepted April 8, 2014
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Optimization of preparation conditions of activated carbon from the residue of desilicated rice husk using response surface methodology
School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100#, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China 1State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Nanyang 473000, P. R. China
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, October 2014, 31(10), 1810-1817(8), 10.1007/s11814-014-0103-6
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Abstract
Activated carbon could be prepared from residue of rice husk using physical activation with steam as activating agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the effects of processing parameters, and regression analysis was performed on the data obtained. The optimal conditions for adsorption capacity of activated carbon from the residue of rice husk were activation temperature of 946 ℃, activation time of 31 min and water (18 g) which changed to steam by heating, resulting in 970.06 mg·g^(-1) of iodine adsorption capacity and 31.36% of activated carbon yield. The activated carbon prepared under optimum condition was mesoporous with BET surface area of 1,004.296 m2·g^(-1), total pore volume of 0.9388 cm3·g^(-1) and average pore diameter of 2.043 nm. The surface chemical functional groups of activated carbon were identified by FT-IR, and its microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy_x000D_
(SEM). We concluded that the process of physical activation with steam could be an environmentally harmonious and effective method for preparing activated carbon from residue of desilicated rice husk.
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Kang HY, Park SS, Rim YS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), 948 (2006)
Zhu Y, Gao J, Li Y, Sun F, Qin Y, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(12), 2344 (2011)
Tennant MF, Mazyck DW, Carbon, 41, 2195 (2003)
Demiral H, Demiral I, Karabacakoglu B, Tumsek F, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 89(2A), 206 (2011)
Ngernyen Y, Tangsathitkulchai C, Tangsathitkulchai M, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), 1046 (2006)
Toles CA, Marshall WE, Wartelle LH, McAloon A, Bioresour. Technol., 75(3), 197 (2000)
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Kim BC, Kim YH, Yamamoto T, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 25, 5 (2008)
Chowdhury ZZ, Zain SM, Khan RA, Islam MS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29(9), 1187 (2012)
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Deiana C, Granados D, Venturini R, Amaya A, Sergio M, Tancredi N, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47(14), 4754 (2008)
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Roman S, Gonzalez JF, Gonzalez-Garcia CM, Zamora F, Fuel Process. Technol., 89(8), 715 (2008)
Lee J, Ye L, Landen WO, Eitenmiller RR, J. Food Compos. Anal., 13, 45 (2000)
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Ahmad AA, Hameed BH, Ahmad AL, J. Hazard. Mater., 170(2-3), 612 (2009)
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Balistrieri LS, Murray JW, Am. J. Sci., 281, 788 (1981)
Luo P, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu J, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(3), 800 (2011)
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Tang YB, Liu Q, Chen FY, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 19 (2013)
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Bestani B, Benderdouche N, Benstaali B, Belhakem M, Addou A, Bioresour. Technol., 99(17), 8441 (2008)
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Chen Y, Zhu YC, Wang ZC, Li Y, Wang LL, Ding LL, Gao XY, Ma YJ, Guo YP, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 163, 39 (2011)
Srivastava VC, Mall ID, Mishra IM, J. Hazard. Mater., 134(1-3), 257 (2006)
Lakshmi UR, Srivastava VC, Mall ID, Lataye DH, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 710 (2009)
