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Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received June 30, 2013
Accepted November 11, 2013

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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An acidic ionic liquid-conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production process

Yasir Ali Elsheikh^† Zakaria Man¹ Faheem Hassan Akhtar

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, March 2014, 31(3), 431-435(5), 10.1007/s11814-013-0238-x

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Abstract

A study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via two-step process using ionic liquid as first step catalyst due to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of high FFA presented in crude palm oil (CPO). In the first step, esterification of the FFA presented in the CPO was carried out using butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BIMHSO4), in which the acid value was reduced from 6.93 to 1.02mg KOH/g and then, KOH-catalyzed transesterification was applied. The conversion rate of FFA attained 85.3% when 4.8 wt% of BIMHSO4 was applied to the reaction system containing methanol to CPO ratio of 12 : 1 reacted at 170 ℃ for 150 min. The final yield in 97.3% revealed that the process proposed in this study could lead to an excellent biodiesel meeting the ASTM requirements. Furthermore, this new two-step catalysis process could solve the old conventional catalysis process drawbacks.

Keywords

Crude Palm Oil Ionic Liquid Biodiesel BIMHSO4 Esterification Transesterification

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