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Received July 15, 2013
Accepted November 17, 2013
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Bulk and rheological properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels for water shutoff treatment
Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran 1Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P. O. Box 18745-4163, Tehran, Iran
vafaiesm@modares.ac.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, March 2014, 31(3), 532-539(8), 10.1007/s11814-013-0242-1
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Abstract
Presenting an optimal hydrogel for water shutoff, based on the bulk and rheological properties, was the main purpose of this research. To determine gelation time, a bottle test was conducted using central composite design method with two factors, AN125VLM and Cr(OAc)3, as copolymer and crosslinker, respectively. To select hydrogel with high strength network, crosslinking density and consistency modulus were also measured. Hence, a hydrogel with 26,340 ppm concentration of copolymer, 0.12 ratio of crosslinker/copolymer, maximum value of crosslinking density(1,950) and consistency modulus (31,900 Pa) was selected as the optimal one. To study the gelation time among different factors in porous media, rheological experiments were carried out by Plackett-Burman design to screen the eight factors (NaCl, CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2 concentrations, temperature, pH, sodium lactate and nanoclay). Accordingly, temperature was the most effective factor controlling the gelation time, while pH and other factors had negligible effect on the gelation time of the optimal hydrogel.
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References
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Seright RS, Lane RH, Sydansk RD, SPEPF, 70067, 158 (2003)
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Rudzinski WE, Dave AM, Vaishnav UH, Kumbar SG, Kulkarni AR, Aminabhavi TM, Design. Mon. Polym., 5, 39 (2002)
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Sydansk RD, SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Paper 17329 (1988)
Vossoughi S, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 26, 199 (2000)
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Al-Muntasheri GA, Nasr-El-Din HA, Ibnelwaleed A, Hussein A, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 59, 73 (2007)
Aalaie J, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Rahmatpour A, Semsarzadeh MA, Euro. Polym. J., 44, 2024 (2008)
Winter H, Chambon F, J. Rheol., 30, 367 (1986)
Allain C, Salome L, Macromol., 23, 981 (1990)
Broseta D, Marquer O, Blin N, Zaitoun N, SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Paper 59319 (2000)
Liu J, Seright RS, SPE Paper 70810 (2001)
Seright RS, SPEPF241, Trans., AIME, 299 (1995)
Seright RS, SPEPF, 110 (1999)
Zolfaghari R, Katbab AA, Nabavizadeh J, Tabasi RY, Nejad MH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100(3), 2096 (2006)
Baghban Salehi M, Vafaie Sefti M, Mousavi Moghadam A, Dadvand Koohi A, J. Macromol. Sci. B., 51, 438 (2012)
Engineering Statistics Handbook, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the International SEMATECH (2003)
Kakadjian S, Rauseo O, Mejias F, Texas, SPE 50751 (1999)
Seright RS, SPEPF 74602, 251 (2001)
Tokita M, Tanaka T, Science, 253, 1121 (1991)
Grattoni CA, Al-Sharji HH, Yang CH, Muggeridge AH, Zimmerman RW, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 240(2), 601 (2001)
Chauveteau G, Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 228 (1986)
Dadvand Koohi A, Zarrin Ghalam A, Vafaie Seftie M, Mousavi Moghadam A, J. Macromol. Sci. B., 50, 1905 (2011)
