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Received October 21, 2013
Accepted December 19, 2013
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Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/bentonite nanoclay based nanocomposites using toluene diisocyanate
Muhammad Fiayyaz
Khalid Mahmood Zia†
Mohammad Zuber
Tahir Jamil1
Muhammad Kaleem Khosa
Muhammad Asghar Jamal
Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan 1Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2014, 31(4), 644-649(6), 10.1007/s11814-013-0288-0
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Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) prepolymers blended with bentonite nanoclay and without bentonite nanoclay were prepared by the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and the chain was further extended with 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) to get final polyurethane nanocomposites (PUNC). A mixture of polymer and bentonite clay enriched in montmorillonite (MMT) was formed in solution polymerization, in which MMT dispersed depending on interaction of MMT with polymer chains. The molecular structure of the monomers and the prepared PU nanocomposites was confirmed by FTIR. A series of PUNCs were prepared by varying the percent compositions of bentonite nanoclay into the PU matrix. The existence of the clay in to the PU was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images verified the good dispersion of the bentonite nanoclay in PU matrix.
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References
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Seul SD, Lim JM, Ha SH, Kim YH, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22(5), 745 (2005)
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Zia KM, Barikani M, Bhatti IA, Zuber M, Bhatti HN, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110(2), 769 (2008)
Kaiser MR, Anuar BH, Samat BN, Shamsul B, Razak A, Iran Polym. J., 22, 123 (2013)
Abbasian M, Shahparian M, Esmaeily S, Bonab S, Iran Polym. J., 22, 209 (2013)
Zuber M, Zia KM, Mahboob S, Hassan M, Bhatti IA, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 47, 196 (2010)
Zia KM, Zuber M, Barikani M, Jabbar A, Khosa MK, Carbohyd. Polym., 80, 540 (2010)
Satterthwaite JD, MaNisuria A, Vogel K, Watts DC, Dent. Mater., 28, 609 (2012)
Zia KM, Barikani M, Khalid AM, Honarkar H, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Carbohyd. Polym., 77, 621 (2009)
Song M, Xia HS, Yao KJ, Hourston DJ, Europ. Polym. J., 41, 259 (2005)
Zia KM, Barikani M, Zuber M , Bhatti IA, Barmar M, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 44, 182 (2010)
Giannelis EP, Adv. Mater., 8(1), 29 (1996)
Alexandre BM, Dubois P, Mater. Sci. Eng., 28, 1 (2000)
Lee DC, Jang LW, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 61(7), 1117 (1996)
Noh MW, Lee DC, Polym. Bull., 42(5), 619 (1999)
Noh MH, Jang LW, Lee DC, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74(1), 179 (1999)
Noh MH, Lee DC, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74(12), 2811 (1999)
Kim J, Ahmed R, Lee SJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 80(4), 592 (2001)
Lee KM, Han CD, Polymer, 4573 (2003)
Bandyopadhyay S, Giannelis EP, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 82, 208 (2000)
Zia KM, Nawaz H, Murtza G, Int. J. Agricul. Biol., 1-2, 36 (1999)
ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International USA (2004)
Zia KM, Mahmood K, Zuber M, Jamil T, Shafiq M, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 59, 320 (2013)
