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Received October 22, 2013
Accepted January 22, 2014
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Some physical properties and oxidative stability of biodiesel produced from oil seed crops
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry Unit), Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
latfatab@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2014, 31(5), 725-731(7), 10.1007/s11814-014-0028-0
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Abstract
Biodiesel is a cleaner burning fuel than petrodiesel and a suitable replacement in diesel engine. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel fuel was prepared from castor (CSO), palm kernel (PKO) and groundnut (GNO) oils through alkali transesterification reaction. The biodiesel produced was characterized as alternative diesel fuel. Fuel properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific (combustion) value, The CSO, PKO and GNO were measured to evaluate the storage/oxidative stability of the oils to compare them with commercial petrodiesel. The biodiesel produced had good fuel properties with respect to ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 specification standards, except that the kinematic viscosity of castor oil biodiesel was too low. The viscosity of castor oil biodiesel at different temperatures was in the range of 4.12-7.21mm2/s. However, promising results which conformed to the above specification standards were realized when castor oil biodiesel was blended with commercial petrodiesel. At 28 oC the specific gravity recorded for CSO, PKO and GNO biodiesel was higher than the values obtained for petrodiesel. Commercial petrodiesel had the highest oxidative stability than biodiesel produced from CSO, PKO and GNO oils.
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Gupta A, Sharma SK, Toor AP, J. Petrotech Society, 40 (2007)
Alamu OJ, Akintola TA, Enweremandu CC, Adeleke AE, Scientific Research and Essay, 3(7), 308 (2008)
Sharma YC, Singh B, Upadhyay SN, Fuel, 87(12), 2355 (2008)
Tapasvi D, Wiesenborn D, Gustafson C, J. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 48(6), 2215 (2005)
Ma FR, Hanna MA, Bioresour. Technol., 70(1), 1 (1999)
Zhao XY, El-Zahab B, Brosnahan R, Perry J, Wang P, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 143(3), 236 (2007)
Pimentel D, Patrik TW, Natural Resources Research, 14(1) (2005), DO1:10.1007/S/1053-005-4678-8.
Noureddini H, Zhu D, J. American Oil Chemists’ Society (JOACS), 74, 1457 (1997)
Garpen JV, Fuel Processing Technology, 85, 1097 (2005)
Wenzel B, Tait M, Modenes A, Kroumov A, Bioautomation, 5, 13 (2006)
Zhang Y, Dube MA, McLean DD, Kates M, Bioresour. Technol., 89(1), 1 (2003)
Refaat AA, Attia NK, Sibak HA, ElSheltawy ST, El-Diwani GI, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5(1), 75 (2008)
Baroutian S, Aroua MK, AbdulRaman A, Sulaiman NM, J. Appl. Sci., 8(10), 1938 (2008)
Chhetri AB, Tango MS, Budge SM, Watts KC, Islam MR, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9(2), 169 (2008)
World Proved Reserved of Oil and Natural Gas, United States Energy Information Administration (USEIA) (2007)
Alamu OJ, Waheed MA, Jekayinfa SO, Akintola TA, Optimal transesterification duration for biodiesel production from nigerian palm kernel oil, Agricultural Engineering International The CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript EE 07018, IX (2007)
Lee KW, Yu JX, Mei JH, Yan L, Kim YW, Chung KW, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13(5), 799 (2007)
Canakci M, Garpen JV, J. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44, 1429 (2001)
Knothe G, J. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44(2), 193 (2001)
Knothe G, Steidley KR, Elsevier., 84, 1059 (2005)
Krisnangkura K, Yimsuwan T, Pairintra R, Elsevier, 2 (2005)
Knothe G, J. American Oil Chemists Society (JOACS), 83, 10 (2006)
Darnoko D, Cheryan M, J. American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS), 77, 1269 (2000)
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Titipong I, Biodiesel production from fryer grease, Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (2006)
Zhang Y, Dube MA, McLean DD, Kates M, Bioresour. Technol., 89(1), 1 (2003)
Jitputti J, Kitiyanan B, Bunyakiat K, Rangsunvigit P, Jenvanitpanjakul P, Transesterification of Palm Kernel Oil and Coconut Oil by Difference Solid Catalysts, The Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment, 1-3 December, Hua, Thailand (2004)
Shah S, Sharma S, Gupta MN, Energy Fuels, 18(1), 154 (2004)
Yuan YA, Zhang Q, The specific gravity of biodiesel fuels and their blends with diesel fuel, Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development, Manuscript EE 04 004, VI (2004)
David P, The Chemical Analysis of Food, 7th Ed., Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh, London, 489 (1976)
Krause VM, Hunscher AM, Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 5th Ed., W. S. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London, 56 (1999)
Alais C, Linden G, Food Biochemistry, Aspen Publication, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 67 (1999)
Leevijit T, Wisutmethangoon W, Prateepchaikul G, Tongurai C, Allen M, Second Other Kinetics of Palm Oil Transesterification, The Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE) (3 - 025(O)) 1-3 December, Hua Hin, Thailand, 277 (2004)
Fogler SH, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 4th Ed. Pearson Education International, United States, 10 (2006)
Alamu OJ, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8(2), 43 (2007)
Asiedu JJ, Processing tropical crops. A technological approach, Macmillan Education Ltd., London, 124 (1989)
Knothe G, J. American Oil Chemists Society (JAOCS), 76(7), 23 (1999)
Ibitoye AA, Laboratory Manual on Basic Method in Plant Analysis, Concept IT, Akure, Nigeria, 20 (2006)
Ajav EA, Akingbehin AO, A study of some fuel properties of local ethanol blended with diesel fuel, Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development, Manuscript EE 04 004 Vol. VI (2002)
Lebedevas S, Vaicekausas A, Research into the application of biodiesel in the transport sector of lithuania, Transport., XXI(2), 80 (2006)
Sujatha M, Biotechnological interventions for improving jatropha and castor for biofuels, Petrotech, New Delhi, India (P09 - 869) (2009)
Ferrari AR, Oliveira SDV, Scabio A, Scientia Agricola, 62(3) (2005)
Garpen JV, Shanks B, Pruszko R, Biodiesel production technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Colorado, Sub-Contractor Report, 1 (2004)
