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Received October 5, 2013
Accepted December 28, 2013
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Comparative catalytic activity of supported ZnBr2-containing ionic liquid catalysts for preparation of glycerol carbonate by glycerolysis of urea
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
dwpark@pusan.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2014, 31(6), 972-980(9), 10.1007/s11814-013-0296-0
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Abstract
The synthesis of glycerol carbonate by glycerolysis of urea was investigated under mild conditions, using immobilized metal-containing ionic liquid catalysts. Three different catalysts were prepared, with the following supports: (1) polystyrene (PS), (2) commercial silica (CS), and (3) chitosan (CH). The glycerolysis of urea was considered to include two main reactions: carbamoylation of glycerol and carbonylation of glycerol carbamate. The approximate rate constant for PS-(Im)2ZnBr2 was higher than those of CH-(Im)2ZnBr2 and CS-(Im)2ZnBr2 probably due to its wellbalanced acid-base properties. The activation energies for PS-, CH-, and CS-(Im)2ZnBr2 were 142.9, 163.0, and 166.7 kJ mol^(-1), respectively. PS-(Im)2ZnBr2 exhibited better reuse properties than CH-(Im)2ZnBr2 and CS-(Im)2ZnBr2 catalysts.
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