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Received October 9, 2013
Accepted February 3, 2014
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Synthsis and properties of polyvinyl acetate emulsion copolymers by three novel non-ionic functional polyurethane surfactants
Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
javaherian@iaush.ac.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2014, 31(7), 1281-1287(7), 10.1007/s11814-014-0042-2
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Abstract
Functional polyurethane surfactants (tri-block) were synthesized by addition polymerization of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) and monoallyl-end-capped poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). The chemical structure of the polyurethane surfactants (PUS) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Then, a series of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) latexes were successfully synthesized by the emulsion copolymerization in the presence of different PUS. The particle size, amount of coagulum and surface tension were evaluated. These polymeric surfactants were found to have excellent surface activity. The lowest surface tension of polyurethane surfactant aqueous solutions could be reduced to 41.5 dyn/cm for IPDI. All the polyurethane surfactants synthesized had low critical micelle concentrations and could reduce the surface tension even at very low concentration levels (10^(-3)-10^(-2) molL^(-1)).
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Baines FL, Armes SP, Billingham NC, Tuzar Z, Macromolecules, 29(25), 8151 (1996)
Vamvakaki M, Unali GF, Butun V, Boucher S, Robinson KL, Billingham NC, Armes SP, Macromolecules, 34(20), 6839 (2001)
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Dutt GB, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109(11), 4923 (2005)
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Shaffie KA, Moustafa AB, Mohamed ES, Badran AS, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 35(15), 3141 (1997)
Lambourne R, Horwood E, (Ed.) Market Cross House, Chichester, West Sussex (1987)
Ismail EA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 68(9), 1531 (1998)
Shi YC, Wu YS, Zhang L, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 19, 69 (2003)
Riess G, Hurtrez, Bahadur G, In encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering, New York, 2, 324 (1985)
Adler HJ, Jahny K, Vogt-Birnbrich B, Prog. Org. Coat., 43, 251 (2001)
Beyaz A, Oh WS, Reddy VP, Colloids Surf. B., 35, 119 (2004)
Krishnana RSG, Thennarasub S, Mandala AB, Chem. Phys., 291, 195 (2003)
Willemen HM, Vermonden T, Koudijs A, Marcelis ATM, Sudholter EJR, Colloids Surf. A., 218, 59 (2003)
Para G, Jarek E, Warszynski P, Adamczyk Z, Colloids Surf. A., 222, 213 (2003)
Aydogan N, Abbott NL, Langmuir, 18(21), 7826 (2002)
Mukerjee P, Chan CC, Langmuir, 18(14), 5375 (2002)
Zhao GX, Beijing University Press, Beijing, 32 (1991)
Dong Y, Jin Y, Wei DQ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100(4), 2956 (2006)
He WD, Cao CT, Caiyuan P, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 61(2), 383 (1996)
He WD, Cao CT, Pan CY, Polym. Int., 39, 31 (1996)
Perez-Liminana MA, Aran-Ais F, Torro-Palau AM, Orgiles-Barcelo AC, Martin-Martinez JM, J. Adhes. Adhes., 25, 507 (2005)
Dieterich D, Prog. Org. Coat., 9, 281 (1981)
Dong Y, Jin Y, Wei D, Polym. Int., 56, 14 (2007)
Zhu MY, Qiao WH, Liu HZ, Sun YL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 107(1), 624 (2008)
Sadhu S, Bhowmick AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92(2), 698 (2004)
