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Received December 11, 2013
Accepted March 4, 2014
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Tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for solvent-free Knoevenagel condensation reactions
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
djtao@jxnu.edu.cn
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, August 2014, 31(8), 1377-1383(7), 10.1007/s11814-014-0077-4
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Abstract
Five tetrabutylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids ([P4444][AA]) were prepared, characterized, and used as catalysts for solvent-free Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The tetrabutylphosphonium prolinate ([P4444][Pro]) showed excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in Knoevenagel condensation reactions of active methylene compounds with various aromatic aldehydes, and all the yields of corresponding products were more than 85% under mild_x000D_
conditions. Furthermore, a plausible reaction mechanism for the excellent performance of [P4444][Pro] has been proposed, and [P4444][Pro] could be used repetitively at least six times without obvious decrease in activity and quantity.
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Ansari MB, Jin HL, Parvin MN, Park SE, Catal. Today, 185, 2119 (2012)
