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Received September 10, 2013
Accepted April 8, 2014
- This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Rheological characterization of ferrous sulfate-containing water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions
Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
far@aut.ac.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, September 2014, 31(9), 1681-1694(14), 10.1007/s11814-014-0102-7
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Abstract
With use of response surface methodology (RSM), the W1/O/W2 emulsions containing ferrous sulfate as the inner phase were optimized in terms of stability (ES) and apparent viscosity (μapp). Curvature display of the responses around their optimal settings was appropriately described using the quadratic polynomial regression model. The non-Newtonian behavior of the test W1/O/W2 emulsions was characterized using the power-law model and change from_x000D_
non-Newtonian to Newtonian (n≒1) was seen in the case of W1/O :W2 ratio equal 20 : 80 when the level of Tween-80 was 1 v%. Results of the size distribution pattern showed 60% of the particles were less than 5 μm. Rheological properties of the test W1/O/W2 emulsions as the viscoelastic liquids were analyzed and the results of oscillatory experiments considering shear stress and frequency dependency of G' and G'' moduli were discussed in terms of the internal_x000D_
microstructure of the emulsions.
Keywords
References
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Huang X, Kakuda Y, Cui W, Food Hydrocoll., 15, 533 (2001)
Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Chevalier Y, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 351(2), 348 (2010)
Gullapalli RP, Sheth BB, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 48, 233 (1999)
Nazzaro F, Orlando P, Fratianni F, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 23, 182 (2012)
Colmenero FJ, Food Res. Int., 52, 64 (2013)
Anal AK, Singh H, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 18, 240 (2007)
Garti N, Lebensm-Wiss Technol., 30, 222 (1997)
Salager JL, Anton RE, Sabatini DA, Harwell JH, Acosta EJ, Tolosa LI, J. Surfactants Deterg., 8, 3 (2005)
Schmidt T, Dobler D, Guldan A, Paulus N, Runkel F, Colloids Surf., A., 372, 48 (2010)
Magdassi S, Frenkel M, Garti N, Kasan R, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 97(2), 374 (1984)
Derkatch SR, Levachov SM, Kuhkushkina AN, Novosyolova NV, Kharlov AE, Matveenko VN, Colloids Surf., A., 298, 225 (2007)
Dickinson E, Hong ST, Colloids Surf., A., 127, 1 (1997)
Binks BP, Lumsdon SO, Langmuir, 17(15), 4540 (2001)
Inoue M, Hashizaki K, Taguchi H, Saito Y, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 56(5), 668 (2008)
Davarpanah L, Vahabzadeh F, Starch/Starke, 64, 898 (2012)
Davarpanah L, Vahabzadeh F, Dermanaki A, Oil Gas Sci. Technol., DOI:10.2516/ogst/2012066. (2013)
Terrisse I, Seiller M, Rabaron A, Grossiord JL, nt. J. Cosmetic. Sci., 15, 53 (1993)
Tadros THF, Colloids Surf., A., 91, 39 (1994)
Murillo-Martinez MM, Pedroza-Islas R, Lobato-Calleros C, Martinez-Ferez A, Vernon-Carter EJ, Food Hydrocoll., 25, 577 (2011)
Fennema OR, Food Chemistry, Marcel Dekker NY (1985)
Myers RH, Montgomery DC, Response surface methodology process and product optimization using designed experiments, Wiley, NY (2002)
Lapin LL, Modern Engineering Statistics, Wards-worth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA, USA (1997)
http://www.statease.com/dx8_man.html.
Kim Y, Morr C, Schenz T, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 1308 (1996)
Aoki T, Decker AE, McClements DJ, Food Hydrocoll., 19, 209 (205)
Yadav MP, Igartuburu M, Yan Y, Nothnagel EA, Food Hydrocoll., 21, 297 (2007)
Jiao J, Burgess DJ, AAPS PharmSci., 5(1) Article 7, (http://www.pharmsci.org) (2003)
Lutz R, Aserin A, Wicker L, Garti N, Colloids Surf., B., 72, 121 (2009)
Torres LG, Iturbe R, Snowden MJ, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA, Colloids Surf., A., 302, 439 (2007)
Ibanoglu E, J. Food Eng., 52(3), 273 (2002)
Toledo R, Fundamentals of food process engineering, van Nostrand Reinhold: NY (1991)
Doran PM, Bioprocess engineering principles, Academic Press (1995)
Huang X, Kakuda Y, Cui W, Food Hydrocoll., 15, 533 (2001)
Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Chevalier Y, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 351(2), 348 (2010)
Gullapalli RP, Sheth BB, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 48, 233 (1999)