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Received April 8, 2014
Accepted June 12, 2014
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Biocrude oil production and nutrient recovery from algae by two-step hydrothermal liquefaction using a semi-continuous reactor
Sasithorn Sunphorka1
Keerati Prapaiwatcharapan2
Napida Hinchiranan1 3
Kunn Kangvansaichol4
Prapan Kuchonthara1 3†
1Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2Department of Petrochemical and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, 7th Floor, Chulalongkorn University, Research Building, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4PTT Research and Technology Institute, Phahon Yothin Road, Wangnoi, Ayutthaya 13170, Thailand
prapan.k@chula.ac.th
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2015, 32(1), 79-87(9), 10.1007/s11814-014-0165-5
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Abstract
We evaluated two-step hydrothermal liquefaction in a semi-continuous reactor for recovery of both nutrients and biocrude from the alga Coelastrum sp. in direct comparison with a one-step process. The influence of the operating temperature, pressure and water flow rate was investigated by means of a 2k factorial experimental design and response surface methodology. The two-step process gave a higher total biocrude yield (~36 wt% (daf. basis)) and nutrient recovery level in terms of nitrogen containing compounds (~60 wt% of the protein content in the original algae as ammonium and nitrate ions and protein/polypeptides) than the single-step process. The highest biocrude yield was achieved at first-step temperature of 473 K, second-step temperature of 593 K, pressure of 200 bar and water flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.
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Amaro HM, Macedo AC, Malcata FX, Energy, 44(1), 158 (2012)
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Vardon DR, Sharma BK, Blazina GV, Rajagopalan K, Strathmann TJ, Bioresour. Technol., 109, 178 (2012)
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Du ZY, Mohr M, Ma XC, Cheng YL, Lin XG, Liu YH, Zhou WG, Chen P, Ruan R, Bioresour. Technol., 120, 13 (2012)
Kang KY, Chun BS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(3), 654 (2004)
Kang KY, Chun BS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(6), 1147 (2004)
Valdez PJ, Nelson MC, Wang HY, Lin XXNN, Savage PE, Biomass Bioenerg., 46, 317 (2012)
Lopez CVG, Garcia MDC, Fernandez FGA, Bustos CS, Chisti Y, Sevilla JMF, Bioresour. Technol., 101(19), 7587 (2010)
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AW, Randall RJ, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265 (1951)
Bower CE, Holm-Hassen T, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 794 (1980)
APHA, AWWA, and WEF (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Colorado (1998)
Montgomery DC, Design and analysis of experiments, Wiley, New York, USA (1972)
Akiya N, Savage PE, Chem. Rev., 102(8), 2725 (2002)
