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Received June 10, 2014
Accepted September 1, 2014
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Comparative kinetic study of functionalized carbon nanotubes and magnetic biochar for removal of Cd2+ ions from wastewater
Manimaran Ruthiraan1
Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak2 3†
Raj Kogiladas Thines1
Ezzat Chan Abdullah1
Jaya Narayan Sahu4
Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar3
Poobalan Ganesan5
1Malaysia - Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur-54100, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur-56000, Malaysia 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia 4Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Institut Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Gadong, P. O. Box 2909, Brunei Darussalam 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, March 2015, 32(3), 446-457(12), 10.1007/s11814-014-0260-7
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Abstract
We did a comparative study between functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (FMWCNTs), and magnetic biochar was carried out to determine the most efficient adsorbent to be employed in the Cd2+ ion removal. We optimized parameters such as agitation speed, contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage using design expert vrsion 6.08. The statistical analysis reveals that optimized condition for highest removal of Cd2+ are at pH 5.0, with dosage 1.0 g, agitation speed and contact time of 100 rpm and 90 minutes, respectively. For the initial concentration of 10mg/l, the_x000D_
removal efficiency of Cd2+ using FMWCNTs was 90% and and 82% of magnetic biochar. The maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacities of both FMWCNTs and magnetic biochar were calculated: 83.33mg/g and 62.5mg/g. The Langmuir and Freundlich constants for FMWCNTs were 0.056 L/mg and 13.613 L/mg, while 0.098 L/mg and 25.204 L/mg for magnetic biochar. The statistical analysis proved that FMWCNTs have better adsorption capacity compared to magnetic_x000D_
biochar and both models obeyed the pseudo-second-order.
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Srivastava VC, Mall ID, Mishra IM, Chem. Eng. Process., 48(1), 370 (2009)
Arambula VV, Solache RM, Olguin MT, J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem., 55, 229 (2006)
Li YH, Zechao D, Jun D, Wu D, Zhaokun L, Yanqiu Z, Water Res., 39, 605 (2005)
Vukovic GD, Marinkovic AD, Colic M, Ristic MD, Aleksic R, Grjic AAP, Uskokovic PS, Chem. Eng. J., 57, 238 (2010)
Yang ST, Li JX, Shao DD, Hu J, Wang XK, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(1), 109 (2009)
Li YH, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wu D, Luan Z, Diamond Relat. Mater., 15, 90 (2006)
Li YH, Ding J, Lun Z, Di Z, Zhu Y, Xu C, Wu D, Wei B, Carbon, 41, 2787 (2003)
Lu C, Chiu H, Chem. Eng. J., 139, 662 (2008)
Li YH, Wang SG, Wei JQ, Zhang XF, Xu CL, Luan ZK, Wu DH, Wei BQ, Chem. Phys. Lett., 357(3-4), 263 (2002)
Wang HJ, Zhou AL, Peng F, Yu H, Chen LF, Mater. Sci. Eng., 466, 201 (2007)
Li YH, Wang SW, Luan ZL, Ding JD, Xu CX, Wu D, Carbon, 41, 1057 (2003)
Mubarak NM, Ruthiraan M, Sahu JN, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Sajuni NR, Tan J, Int. J. Nanosci., 12, 135044 (2013)
Shanov V, Yun YH, Schulz MJ, J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall., 41(4), 377 (2006)
Vukovic GD, Marinkovic AD, Skapin SD, Ristic MD, Aleksic R, Peric-Grujic AA, Uskokovic PS, Chem. Eng. J., 173(3), 855 (2011)
Lu CY, Chiu HS, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61(4), 1138 (2006)
Kabbashi NA, Jamal ID, Isam YQ, Mirghami ES, Nurhasni FR, Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 5, 440 (2011)
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Kondratyuk P, Yates JT, Chem. Phys. Lett., 410(4-6), 324 (2005)
Lu CY, Liu C, Rao GP, J. Hazard. Mater., 151(1), 239 (2008)
Fujiwara A, Ishii K, Suematsu H, Kataura H, Maniwa Y, Suzuki S, Achiba Y, Chem. Phys. Lett., 336(3-4), 205 (2001)
Iijima S, Nature, 354, 56 (1991)
Valentini L, Cantalini C, Lozzi L, Armentano I, Kenny JM, Santucci S, Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 23, 523 (2003)
Ajayan PM, Chem. Rev., 99(7), 1787 (1999)
Terrones M, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 33, 419 (2003)
Dai LM, Mau AWH, Adv. Mater., 13(12-13), 899 (2001)
Mubarak NM, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Sahu JN, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, 1197 (2014)
Dresselhaus M, Dresselhaus G, Avouris P, Appl. Phys., 15, 448 (2001)
Ruoff RS, Lorents DC, Carbon, 33(7), 925 (1995)
Treacy MM, Ebbesen TW, Gibson JM, Nature, 381(6584), 678 (1996)
Dillon AC, Jones KM, Bekkedahl TA, Nature, 386, 377 (1997)
Rinzler AG, Hafner JH, Nikolaev P, Lou L, Kim SG, Tomanek D, Nordlander P, Colbert DT, Smalley RE, Science, 269(5230), 1550 (1995)
Dai HJ, Hafner JH, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Smalley RE, Nature, 384(6605), 147 (1996)
Kong J, Franklin NR, Zhou C, Science, 287, 622 (2000)
Mubarak NM, Sahu JN, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Sep. Purif. Rev., 43, 338 (2014)
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Li YH, Wang SW, Luan ZL, Ding JD, Xu CX, Wu D, Carbon, 41, 1057 (2003)
Mubarak NM, Alicia RF, Abdullah EC, Sahu JN, Ayu Haslija AB, Tan J, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 1, 486 (2013)
Gao Z, Bandosz TJ, Zhao Z, Han M, Liang C, Qiu J, Langmuir, 24(20), 11701 (2008)
Mubarak NM, Thines RK, Sajuni NR, Abdullah EC, Sahu JN, Ganesan P, Jayakumar NS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31(9), 1582 (2014)
Mubarak NM, Sahu JN, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Ganesan P, Diam. Relat. Mater., 48, 52 (2014)
Mubarak NM, Kundu A, Sahu JN, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Biomass Bioenerg., 61, 265 (2014)
Mubarak NM, Yusof F, Alkhatib MF, Chem. Eng. J., 168(1), 461 (2011)
Mubarak NM, Daniel S, Khalid M, Tan J, Int. J. Chem. Environ. Eng., 3(5), 314 (2012)
Wang SJ, Hu WX, Liao DW, Ng CF, Au C, Catal. Today, 93, 711 (2005)
Stevens JL, Huang AY, Peng H, Chiang IW, Khabashesku VN, Margrave JL, Nano Lett., 3, 336 (2003)
Mubarak NM, Wong JR, Tan KW, Sahu JN, Abdullah EC, Jayakumar NS, Ganesan P, J. Mol. Catal B., 107, 131 (2014)
Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 15182 (2003)
Gao ZM, Bandosz TJ, Zhao ZB, Han M, Qiu JS, J. Hazard. Mater., 167(1-3), 357 (2009)
Liu CC, Kuang-Wang M, Li YS, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(5), 1438 (2005)
Reddy DHK, Lee SM, Seshaiah K, Environ. Eng. Res., 17(3), 132 (2012)
Nadeema M, Shabbir M, Abdullah MA, Shah SS, Mckay G, Chem. Eng. J., 148(2-3), 365 (2009)
Huang X, Gao NY, Zhang QL, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 1287 (2007)
Nagarethinam K, Gurusamy R, Water Air Soil Pollut., 163, 185 (2005)
Srivastava VC, Mall ID, Mishra IM, Chem. Eng. Process., 48(1), 370 (2009)
Arambula VV, Solache RM, Olguin MT, J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocyclic Chem., 55, 229 (2006)
