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Received January 21, 2015
Accepted March 10, 2015
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Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
r_fazaeli@azad.ac.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2015, 32(5), 787-799(13), 10.1007/s11814-015-0053-7
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Abstract
Industrial wastewater polluted with various contaminants, including heavy metals, dyes, etc., endangers human health and the environment. Various separation techniques have been developed for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Adsorption process has drawn considerable attention due to its simplicity of design, high removal efficiency, even at dilute concentration, and economical aspect. We reviewed the most common two, three, four, and five parameter adsorption isotherm models corresponding to monolayer and multilayer adsorption on the basis of parameters that can be used for exploring novel adsorbents. Thermodynamic assumptions of the models give information about the surface properties, capacity of the adsorbent and adsorption mechanism. Seven error functions were investigated to evaluate the fitness quality of isotherm models with the experimental equilibrium data.
Keywords
References
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Kadirvelu K, Thamaraiselvi K, Namasivayam C, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 497 (2001)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 523 (2009)
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, 610 (2003)
Bradl HB, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 277(1), 1 (2004)
Chong AMY, Wong YS, Tam NFY, Chemosphere, 41, 251 (2000)
Ricordel S, Taha S, Cisse I, Dorange G, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 389 (2001)
O'Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O'Dwyer TF, Bioresour. Technol., 99(15), 6709 (2008)
Badmus MAO, Audu TOK, Anyata BU, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6, 238 (2007)
Fu F, Wang Q, J. Environ. Manage., 92, 407 (2010)
Zouboulis AI, Matis KA, Crit. Rev. Sci. Technol., 27, 195 (1997)
Arami M, Limaee NY, Mahmoodi NM, Tabrizi NS, J. Hazard. Mater., 135(1-3), 171 (2006)
Mohanty K, Das D, Biswas MN, Adsorption, 12, 119 (2006)
Mohan D, Singh KP, J. Water Res., 36, 2304 (2002)
Kim MS, Chung JG, Environ. Eng. Res., 7, 49 (2002)
Zhang L, Huang T, Zhang M, Guo XJ, Yuan Z, J. Hazard. Mater., 157(2-3), 352 (2008)
Ahmedna M, Marshall WE, Husseiny AA, Rao RM, Goktepe I, Water Res., 38, 1062 (2004)
Ngomsik AF, Bee A, Draye M, Cote G, Cabuil V, CR Chimie., 8, 963 (2005)
Sathishkumar P, Arulkumar M, Palvannan T, J. Clean. Prod., 22, 67 (2012)
Bhatnagar A, Hogland W, Marques M, Sillanpaa M, Chem. Eng. J., 219, 499 (2013)
Mohan D, Pittman CU, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(2), 762 (2006)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 149, 19 (2009)
Ahmaruzzaman Md, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 143, 48 (2008)
Kalderis D, Koutoulakis D, Paraskeva P, Diamadopoulos E, Otal E, del Valle JO, Fernandez-Pereira C, Chem. Eng. J., 144(1), 42 (2008)
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Qiu W, Zheng Y, Chem. Eng. J., 145(3), 483 (2009)
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Thompson G, Swain J, Kay M, Forster CF, Bioresour. Technol., 77(3), 275 (2001)
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Subramanyam B, Das A, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 12, 92 (2014)
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Fontan RCI, Minim LA, Bonomo RCF, da Silva LHM, Minim VPR, Fluid Phase Equilib., 348, 39 (2013)
Sharififard H, Soleimani M, Ashtiani FZ, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 43, 696 (2012)
Gurses A, Karaca S, Dogar C, Bayrak R, Acikyildiz M, Yalcin M, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 269(2), 310 (2004)
Garcia G, Faz A, Cunha M, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 54, 245 (2004)
Zeldowitsch J, Acta Phys. Chim. URSS., 1, 961 (1934)
Haghseresht F, Lu GQ, Energy Fuels, 12(6), 1100 (1998)
Rao MM, Ramana DK, Seshaiah K, Wang MC, Chien SWC, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(2-3), 1006 (2009)
Do DD, Adsorption analysis: Equilibria and kinetics, Imperial College Press, London (1998)
Ho YS, Porter JF, Mckay G, Water Air Soil Pollut., 141, 1 (2002)
Thilagavathy P, Santhi T, Chinese J. Chem. Eng., DOI:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.08.006. (2014)
Singha B, Das SK, Colloids Surf., 107, 97 (2013)
Alver E, Metin AU, Chem. Eng. J., 200, 59 (2012)
Liu J, Wang X, Scientific. World J., DOI:10.1155/2013/897159. (2013)
Seker A, Shahwan T, Eroglu AE, Yilmaz S, Demirel Z, Dalay MC, J. Hazard. Mater., 154(1-3), 973 (2008)
Aharoni C, Ungarish M, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 73, 456 (1977)
Kim Y, Kim C, Choi I, Rengraj S, Yi J, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 924 (2004)
Horsfall M, Spiff AI, Acta Chim. Slovenica, 52, 174 (2005)
Vijayaraghavan K, Padmesh TVN, Palanivelu K, Velan M, J. Hazard. Mater., 133(1-3), 304 (2006)
Altin O, Ozbelge HO, Dogu T, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 198(1), 130 (1998)
Benhammou A, Yaacoubi A, Nibou L, Tanouti B, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 282(2), 320 (2005)
Jovanovic DS, Colloid Polym. Sci., 235, 1203 (1969)
Elovich SY, Larinov OG, Izv. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk., 2, 209 (1962)
Redlich O, Peterson DL, J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1024 (1959)
Kumar PS, Ramalingam S, Senthamarai C, Niranjanaa M, Vijayalakshmi P, Sivanesan S, Desalination, 261(1-2), 52 (2010)
Tosun I, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 9, 970 (2012)
Sips R, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 490 (1948)
Perez-Marin AB, Zapata VM, Ortuno JF, Aguilar M, Saez J, Llorens M, J. Hazard. Mater., 139(1), 122 (2007)
Sivarajasekar N, Baskar R, Arabian J. Chem., DOI:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.040. (2014)
Kumara NTRN, Hamdan N, Petra MI, Tennakoon KU, Ekanayake P, J. Chem., DOI:10.1155/2014/468975. (2014)
Rudsinski W, Everetta DH, Adsorption of Gases on Heterogeneous Surfaces, Academic Press Ltd., Bristol (1992)
Abdelwahab O, Egyption. J. Aquatic. Res., 33, 125 (2007)
Han RP, Zhang JJ, Han P, Wang YF, Zhao ZH, Tang MS, Chem. Eng. J., 145(3), 496 (2009)
Quesada-Penate I, Julcour-Lebigue C, Jauregui-Haza UJ, Wilhelm AM, Delmas H, Chem. Eng. J., 152(1), 183 (2009)
Khan AR, Al-Waheab IR, Al-Haddad A, Environ. Technol., 17, 13 (1996)
Radke CJ, Prausnitz JM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 11, 445 (1972)
Kiselev AV, Kolloid. Zhur., 20, 338 (1958)
Jossens L, Prausnitz JM, Fritz EU, Myers AL, Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 1097 (1978)
Hill TL, J. Chem. Phys., 14, 441 (1946)
de Boer JH, The Dynamical Character of Adsorption, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1953)
Grchev T, Cvetkovska M, Stafilov T, Schultze JW, Electrochim. Acta, 36, 1315 (1991)
Fowler RH, Guggenheim EA, Statistical Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press, London (1939)
Fritz W, Schlunder EU, Chem. Eng. Sci., 29, 1279 (1974)
Baudu M, Etude des interactions solute-fibres de charbon actif: Application et regeneration, Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Rennes I (1990)
Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 401 (2007)
Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 381 (2007)
Subramanyam B, Ashutosh D, Int. J. Environ. Res., 6, 265 (2012)
Van Vliet BM, Weber WJ, Hozumi H, Water Res., 14, 1719 (1980)
Alegria HA, Arica MY, Zhou JL, Scientific. World Journal, 2013, 1 (2013)
Rosen MJ, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, Wiley, New York (2012)
Khan AR, Ataullah R, Alhaddad A, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 194(1), 154 (1997)
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW, Adsorption, surface area, and porosity, Academic Press, London (1982)
McMillan WG, Teller E, J. Phys. Colloid. Chem., 55, 17 (1951)
Adamson AW, Gast AP, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley Interscience, New York (1997)
Kumar P, Nenes A, Sokolik IN, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36 (2009)
Aboluwoye CO, Oladimeji YB, Ashogbon AO, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 32, 143 (2008)
Shanavas S, Kunju AS, Varghese HT, Panicker CY, Orient. J. Chem., 27, 245 (2011)
Zhang PK, Wang L, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70(3), 367 (2010)
Andradep RD, Lemusm R, Perezc CE, Vitae. Columbia., 18, 325 (2011)
Kamalyan OA, Colloid J., 72, 286 (2010)
Dubinin MM, Serpinsky VV, Carbon, 19, 402 (1981)
Dubinin MM, Serpinsky VV, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR., 285, 1151 (1981)
Dubinin MM, Zaverina ED, Serpinsky VV, J. Chem. Soc., 1760 (1955)
Stoeckli HF, Kraehenbuehl F, Morel D, Carbon, 21, 589 (1983)
Mane VS, Mall ID, Srivastava VC, J. Environ. Manage., 84, 390 (2007)
Ng JCY, Cheung WH, McKay G, Chemosphere, 52, 1021 (2003)
Ng JCY, Cheung WH, McKay G, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 255(1), 64 (2002)
Kapoor A, Yang RT, Gas. Sep. Purif., 3, 187 (1989)
Seidel A, Gelbin D, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 79 (1988)
Boulinguiez B, Le Cloirec P, Wolbert D, Langmuir, 24(13), 6420 (2008)
Ghali AE, Baouab MHV, Roudesli MS, Ind. Crop Prod., 39, 139 (2012)
Yang M, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C., 29, 223 (2011)
Kadirvelu K, Thamaraiselvi K, Namasivayam C, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 497 (2001)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 523 (2009)
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, 610 (2003)
Bradl HB, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 277(1), 1 (2004)
Chong AMY, Wong YS, Tam NFY, Chemosphere, 41, 251 (2000)
Ricordel S, Taha S, Cisse I, Dorange G, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 389 (2001)
O'Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O'Dwyer TF, Bioresour. Technol., 99(15), 6709 (2008)
Badmus MAO, Audu TOK, Anyata BU, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6, 238 (2007)
Kadirvelu K, Thamaraiselvi K, Namasivayam C, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 497 (2001)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 523 (2009)
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, 610 (2003)
Bradl HB, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 277(1), 1 (2004)
Chong AMY, Wong YS, Tam NFY, Chemosphere, 41, 251 (2000)
Ricordel S, Taha S, Cisse I, Dorange G, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 389 (2001)
O'Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O'Dwyer TF, Bioresour. Technol., 99(15), 6709 (2008)
Badmus MAO, Audu TOK, Anyata BU, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6, 238 (2007)
Fu F, Wang Q, J. Environ. Manage., 92, 407 (2010)
Zouboulis AI, Matis KA, Crit. Rev. Sci. Technol., 27, 195 (1997)
Arami M, Limaee NY, Mahmoodi NM, Tabrizi NS, J. Hazard. Mater., 135(1-3), 171 (2006)
Mohanty K, Das D, Biswas MN, Adsorption, 12, 119 (2006)
Mohan D, Singh KP, J. Water Res., 36, 2304 (2002)
Kim MS, Chung JG, Environ. Eng. Res., 7, 49 (2002)
Zhang L, Huang T, Zhang M, Guo XJ, Yuan Z, J. Hazard. Mater., 157(2-3), 352 (2008)
Ahmedna M, Marshall WE, Husseiny AA, Rao RM, Goktepe I, Water Res., 38, 1062 (2004)
Ngomsik AF, Bee A, Draye M, Cote G, Cabuil V, CR Chimie., 8, 963 (2005)
Sathishkumar P, Arulkumar M, Palvannan T, J. Clean. Prod., 22, 67 (2012)
Bhatnagar A, Hogland W, Marques M, Sillanpaa M, Chem. Eng. J., 219, 499 (2013)
Mohan D, Pittman CU, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(2), 762 (2006)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 149, 19 (2009)
Ahmaruzzaman Md, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 143, 48 (2008)
Kalderis D, Koutoulakis D, Paraskeva P, Diamadopoulos E, Otal E, del Valle JO, Fernandez-Pereira C, Chem. Eng. J., 144(1), 42 (2008)
Munagapati VS, Yarramuthi V, Nadavala SK, Alla SR, Abburi K, Chem. Eng. J., 157(2-3), 357 (2010)
Qiu W, Zheng Y, Chem. Eng. J., 145(3), 483 (2009)
Jaroniec M, Madey R, Physical Adsorption on Heterogeneous Solids, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988)
Dabrowski A, Jaroniec M, Oscik J, in: Matijevic E Eds., Surface and Colloid Science, Plenum Press, New York, 83 (1987)
Dabrowski A, Jaroniec M, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 27, 211 (1987)
Dabrowski A, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 93, 135 (2001)
El-Khaiary MI, J. Hazard. Mater., 158(1), 73 (2008)
Thompson G, Swain J, Kay M, Forster CF, Bioresour. Technol., 77(3), 275 (2001)
Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Nguyen TV, Bioresour. Technol., 113, 97 (2012)
Subramanyam B, Das A, J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 12, 92 (2014)
Ng C, Losso JN, Marshall WE, Rao RM, Bioresour. Technol., 85(2), 131 (2002)
Ringot D, Lerzy B, Chaplain K, Bonhoure JP, Auclair E, Larondelle Y, Bioresour. Technol., 98(9), 1812 (2007)
Langmuir I, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38, 2221 (1916)
Jianlong W, Xinmin Z, Decai D, Ding Z, J. Biotechnol., 87, 273 (2001)
Mckay G, Blair HS, Gardener JR, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27, 3043 (1982)
Kara A, Demirbel E, Tekin N, Osman B, Besirli N, J. Hazard. Mater., DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.011. (2014)
Ghaedi M, Shojaeipour E, Ghaedi AM, Sahraei R, Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectros., DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.086. (2015)
Saadi R, Saadi Z, Fazaeli R, Desalin. Water Treat., DOI:10.1080/19443994.2013.862869. (2013)
Kavand M, Soleimani M, Kaghazchi T, Asasian N, Chem. Eng. Commun., DOI:10.1080/00986445.2014.96269. (2014)
Fontan RCI, Minim LA, Bonomo RCF, da Silva LHM, Minim VPR, Fluid Phase Equilib., 348, 39 (2013)
Sharififard H, Soleimani M, Ashtiani FZ, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 43, 696 (2012)
Gurses A, Karaca S, Dogar C, Bayrak R, Acikyildiz M, Yalcin M, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 269(2), 310 (2004)
Garcia G, Faz A, Cunha M, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 54, 245 (2004)
Zeldowitsch J, Acta Phys. Chim. URSS., 1, 961 (1934)
Haghseresht F, Lu GQ, Energy Fuels, 12(6), 1100 (1998)
Rao MM, Ramana DK, Seshaiah K, Wang MC, Chien SWC, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(2-3), 1006 (2009)
Do DD, Adsorption analysis: Equilibria and kinetics, Imperial College Press, London (1998)
Ho YS, Porter JF, Mckay G, Water Air Soil Pollut., 141, 1 (2002)
Thilagavathy P, Santhi T, Chinese J. Chem. Eng., DOI:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.08.006. (2014)
Singha B, Das SK, Colloids Surf., 107, 97 (2013)
Alver E, Metin AU, Chem. Eng. J., 200, 59 (2012)
Liu J, Wang X, Scientific. World J., DOI:10.1155/2013/897159. (2013)
Seker A, Shahwan T, Eroglu AE, Yilmaz S, Demirel Z, Dalay MC, J. Hazard. Mater., 154(1-3), 973 (2008)
Aharoni C, Ungarish M, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 73, 456 (1977)
Kim Y, Kim C, Choi I, Rengraj S, Yi J, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 924 (2004)
Horsfall M, Spiff AI, Acta Chim. Slovenica, 52, 174 (2005)
Vijayaraghavan K, Padmesh TVN, Palanivelu K, Velan M, J. Hazard. Mater., 133(1-3), 304 (2006)
Altin O, Ozbelge HO, Dogu T, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 198(1), 130 (1998)
Benhammou A, Yaacoubi A, Nibou L, Tanouti B, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 282(2), 320 (2005)
Jovanovic DS, Colloid Polym. Sci., 235, 1203 (1969)
Elovich SY, Larinov OG, Izv. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Otd. Khim. Nauk., 2, 209 (1962)
Redlich O, Peterson DL, J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1024 (1959)
Kumar PS, Ramalingam S, Senthamarai C, Niranjanaa M, Vijayalakshmi P, Sivanesan S, Desalination, 261(1-2), 52 (2010)
Tosun I, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 9, 970 (2012)
Sips R, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 490 (1948)
Perez-Marin AB, Zapata VM, Ortuno JF, Aguilar M, Saez J, Llorens M, J. Hazard. Mater., 139(1), 122 (2007)
Sivarajasekar N, Baskar R, Arabian J. Chem., DOI:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.040. (2014)
Kumara NTRN, Hamdan N, Petra MI, Tennakoon KU, Ekanayake P, J. Chem., DOI:10.1155/2014/468975. (2014)
Rudsinski W, Everetta DH, Adsorption of Gases on Heterogeneous Surfaces, Academic Press Ltd., Bristol (1992)
Abdelwahab O, Egyption. J. Aquatic. Res., 33, 125 (2007)
Han RP, Zhang JJ, Han P, Wang YF, Zhao ZH, Tang MS, Chem. Eng. J., 145(3), 496 (2009)
Quesada-Penate I, Julcour-Lebigue C, Jauregui-Haza UJ, Wilhelm AM, Delmas H, Chem. Eng. J., 152(1), 183 (2009)
Khan AR, Al-Waheab IR, Al-Haddad A, Environ. Technol., 17, 13 (1996)
Radke CJ, Prausnitz JM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 11, 445 (1972)
Kiselev AV, Kolloid. Zhur., 20, 338 (1958)
Jossens L, Prausnitz JM, Fritz EU, Myers AL, Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 1097 (1978)
Hill TL, J. Chem. Phys., 14, 441 (1946)
de Boer JH, The Dynamical Character of Adsorption, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1953)
Grchev T, Cvetkovska M, Stafilov T, Schultze JW, Electrochim. Acta, 36, 1315 (1991)
Fowler RH, Guggenheim EA, Statistical Thermodynamics, Cambridge University Press, London (1939)
Fritz W, Schlunder EU, Chem. Eng. Sci., 29, 1279 (1974)
Baudu M, Etude des interactions solute-fibres de charbon actif: Application et regeneration, Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Rennes I (1990)
Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 401 (2007)
Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 381 (2007)
Subramanyam B, Ashutosh D, Int. J. Environ. Res., 6, 265 (2012)
Van Vliet BM, Weber WJ, Hozumi H, Water Res., 14, 1719 (1980)
Alegria HA, Arica MY, Zhou JL, Scientific. World Journal, 2013, 1 (2013)
Rosen MJ, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, Wiley, New York (2012)
Khan AR, Ataullah R, Alhaddad A, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 194(1), 154 (1997)
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW, Adsorption, surface area, and porosity, Academic Press, London (1982)
McMillan WG, Teller E, J. Phys. Colloid. Chem., 55, 17 (1951)
Adamson AW, Gast AP, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley Interscience, New York (1997)
Kumar P, Nenes A, Sokolik IN, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36 (2009)
Aboluwoye CO, Oladimeji YB, Ashogbon AO, Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 32, 143 (2008)
Shanavas S, Kunju AS, Varghese HT, Panicker CY, Orient. J. Chem., 27, 245 (2011)
Zhang PK, Wang L, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70(3), 367 (2010)
Andradep RD, Lemusm R, Perezc CE, Vitae. Columbia., 18, 325 (2011)
Kamalyan OA, Colloid J., 72, 286 (2010)
Dubinin MM, Serpinsky VV, Carbon, 19, 402 (1981)
Dubinin MM, Serpinsky VV, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR., 285, 1151 (1981)
Dubinin MM, Zaverina ED, Serpinsky VV, J. Chem. Soc., 1760 (1955)
Stoeckli HF, Kraehenbuehl F, Morel D, Carbon, 21, 589 (1983)
Mane VS, Mall ID, Srivastava VC, J. Environ. Manage., 84, 390 (2007)
Ng JCY, Cheung WH, McKay G, Chemosphere, 52, 1021 (2003)
Ng JCY, Cheung WH, McKay G, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 255(1), 64 (2002)
Kapoor A, Yang RT, Gas. Sep. Purif., 3, 187 (1989)
Seidel A, Gelbin D, Chem. Eng. Sci., 43, 79 (1988)
Boulinguiez B, Le Cloirec P, Wolbert D, Langmuir, 24(13), 6420 (2008)
Ghali AE, Baouab MHV, Roudesli MS, Ind. Crop Prod., 39, 139 (2012)
Yang M, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C., 29, 223 (2011)
Kadirvelu K, Thamaraiselvi K, Namasivayam C, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 497 (2001)
Foo KY, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 523 (2009)
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, 610 (2003)
Bradl HB, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 277(1), 1 (2004)
Chong AMY, Wong YS, Tam NFY, Chemosphere, 41, 251 (2000)
Ricordel S, Taha S, Cisse I, Dorange G, Sep. Purif. Technol., 24(3), 389 (2001)
O'Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O'Dwyer TF, Bioresour. Technol., 99(15), 6709 (2008)
Badmus MAO, Audu TOK, Anyata BU, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6, 238 (2007)
