Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received June 18, 2014
Accepted September 27, 2014
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
A novel technology for extraction of phenolic antioxidants from mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) leaves: Solvent-free microwave extraction
Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
selins@istanbul.edu.tr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2015, 32(5), 950-957(8), 10.1007/s11814-014-0293-y
Download PDF
Abstract
Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) of polyphenols and flavonoids from mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) leaves was investigated. A face central composite design (FCCD) through response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effects of extraction time (30-90 sec), microwave irradiation power (250-350 W) and solid mass (2.5-7.5 g), and to optimize the extraction process. The optimum conditions were: extraction time, 53.155 sec; microwave power, 339.190W; and solid mass, 2.500 g. Under the optimum conditions, 0.8610mg-GAE/g-DL of total_x000D_
phenolic content (TPC) and 0.2440mg-CE/g-DL of total flavonoid content (TFC) were extracted. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed by cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) methods, respectively. Antioxidant values were expressed as mg trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per gram of dried leaf (mg-TEAC/g-DL). CUPRAC values were highly correlated with both TPC and TFC (r=0.9282/0.8842, P=0.05) in the extracts, whilst DPPH (r=0.7717/0.7435, P=0.05) and ABTS (r=0.6814/0.7072, P=0.05) were relatively less correlated with the same responses.
Keywords
References
Li BB, Smith B, Hossain MM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 48(2), 182 (2006)
Bocco A, Cuve ME, Richard H, Berset C, J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 2123 (1998)
Dahmoune F, Boulekbache L, Moussi K, Aoun O, Spigno G, Madani K, Ind. Crop Prod., 50, 77 (2013)
Sun Y, Liu D, Chen J, Ye X, Yu D, Ultrason. Sonochem., 18, 243 (2011)
Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S, Food Chem., 99, 191 (2006)
Hayat K, Hussain S, Abbas S, Farooq U, Ding BM, Xia SQ, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Xia WS, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70(1), 63 (2009)
Londono-Londono J, Lima VRD, Lara O, Gil A, Pasa TBC, Arango GJ, Pineda JRR, Food Chem., 119, 81 (2010)
Khan MK, Abert-Vian M, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Dangles O, Chemat F, Food Chem., 119, 851 (2010)
Li BB, Smith AB, Hossain MM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 48(2), 189 (2006)
Lota ML, Serra DDR, Tomi F, Casanova J, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 29, 77 (2001)
Ma YQ, Chen JC, Liu DH, Ye XQ, J. Food Sci., 73, 115 (2008)
Xu GH, Chen JC, Liu DH, Zhang YH, Jiang P, Ye XQ, J. Food Sci., 73, 11 (2008)
Le Floch F, Tena MT, Rios A, Valcarcel M, Talanta, 46, 1123 (1998)
Japon-Lujan R, Luque-Rodriguez JM, De Castro MDL, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 385, 753 (2006)
Baycin D, Altiok E, Ulku S, Bayraktar O, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 1227 (2007)
Pan XJ, Niu GG, Liu HZ, Chem. Eng. Process., 42(2), 129 (2003)
Li H, Deng Z, Wu T, Liu R, Loewen S, Tsao R, Food Chem., 130, 928 (2012)
Hong N, Yaylayan VA, Raghavan GSV, Pare JRJ, Belanger JMR, Nat. Prod. Lett., 15, 197 (2001)
Singh A, Sabally K, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ, Gariepy Y, Orsat V, Raghavan GSV, Mol., 16, 2218 (2011)
Ballard TS, Mallikarjunan P, Zhou K, O’Keefe S, Food Chem., 120, 1185 (2010)
Zill-e-Huma, Vian MA, Maingonnat JF, Chemat F, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 7700 (2009)
Bayramoglu B, Sahin S, Sumnu G, J. Food Eng., 88(4), 535 (2008)
Okoh OO, Sadimenko AP, Afolayan AJ, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 4207 (2011)
Lucchesi ME, Smadja J, Bradshaw S, Louw W, Chemat F, J. Food Eng., 79(3), 1079 (2007)
Uysal B, Sozmen F, Aktas O, Oksal BS, Kose EO, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46, 1455 (2011)
Chen X, Zhang Y, Zu Y, Fu Y, Wang W, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 44, 2047 (2011)
Li XJ, Wang W, Luo M, Li CY, Zu YG, Mu PS, Fu YJ, Food Chem., 133, 437 (2012)
Perino-Issartier S, Zill-e-Huma, Abert-Vian M, Chemat F, Food Bioprocess Technol., 4, 1020 (2011)
Michel T, Destandau E, Elfakir C, Food Chem., 126, 1380 (2011)
Saatci N, Mur BY, J. Plant Nutr., 23, 1745 (2000)
Wilmsen PK, Spada DS, Salvador M, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4757 (2005)
Hayat K, Zhang X, Farooq U, Abbas S, Xia S, Jia C, Zhong F, Zhang J, Food Chem., 123, 423 (2010)
Hayat K, Zhang XM, Chen HQ, Xia SQ, Jia CS, Zhong F, Sep. Purif. Technol., 73(3), 371 (2010)
Kirbaslar SI, Kirbaslar FG, J. Essent. Oil Res., 18, 318 (2006)
Perez L, Conde E, Dominguez H, Process Biochem., 49, 981 (2014)
Malik NSA, Bradford JM, Sci. Hortic., 110, 274 (2006)
Sakanaka S, Tachibana Y, Okada Y, Food Chem., 89, 569 (2005)
Yu J, Wang L, Walzem RL, Miller EG, Pike LM, Patil BS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2009 (2005)
Sahin S, Samli R, Ultrason. Sonochem., 20, 595 (2013)
Bilgin M, Sahin S, Dramur MU, Sevgili LM, Chem. Eng. Commun., 200(9), 1197 (2013)
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26, 1231 (1999)
Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Celik SE, Microchim. Acta, 160, 413 (2008)
Draper NR, John JA, Technometrics, 30, 423 (1998)
Karabegovic IT, Stojicevic SS, Velickovic DT, Nikolic NC, Lazic ML, Sep. Sci. Technol., 49(3), 416 (2014)
Li H, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Wang H, J. Food Drug Anal., 16, 67 (2008)
Li H, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Wang H, Food Chem., 112, 454 (2009)
Pan Y, He C, Wang H, Ji X, Wang K, Liu P, Food Chem., 121, 497 (2010)
Bocco A, Cuve ME, Richard H, Berset C, J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 2123 (1998)
Dahmoune F, Boulekbache L, Moussi K, Aoun O, Spigno G, Madani K, Ind. Crop Prod., 50, 77 (2013)
Sun Y, Liu D, Chen J, Ye X, Yu D, Ultrason. Sonochem., 18, 243 (2011)
Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S, Food Chem., 99, 191 (2006)
Hayat K, Hussain S, Abbas S, Farooq U, Ding BM, Xia SQ, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Xia WS, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70(1), 63 (2009)
Londono-Londono J, Lima VRD, Lara O, Gil A, Pasa TBC, Arango GJ, Pineda JRR, Food Chem., 119, 81 (2010)
Khan MK, Abert-Vian M, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Dangles O, Chemat F, Food Chem., 119, 851 (2010)
Li BB, Smith AB, Hossain MM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 48(2), 189 (2006)
Lota ML, Serra DDR, Tomi F, Casanova J, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 29, 77 (2001)
Ma YQ, Chen JC, Liu DH, Ye XQ, J. Food Sci., 73, 115 (2008)
Xu GH, Chen JC, Liu DH, Zhang YH, Jiang P, Ye XQ, J. Food Sci., 73, 11 (2008)
Le Floch F, Tena MT, Rios A, Valcarcel M, Talanta, 46, 1123 (1998)
Japon-Lujan R, Luque-Rodriguez JM, De Castro MDL, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 385, 753 (2006)
Baycin D, Altiok E, Ulku S, Bayraktar O, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 1227 (2007)
Pan XJ, Niu GG, Liu HZ, Chem. Eng. Process., 42(2), 129 (2003)
Li H, Deng Z, Wu T, Liu R, Loewen S, Tsao R, Food Chem., 130, 928 (2012)
Hong N, Yaylayan VA, Raghavan GSV, Pare JRJ, Belanger JMR, Nat. Prod. Lett., 15, 197 (2001)
Singh A, Sabally K, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ, Gariepy Y, Orsat V, Raghavan GSV, Mol., 16, 2218 (2011)
Ballard TS, Mallikarjunan P, Zhou K, O’Keefe S, Food Chem., 120, 1185 (2010)
Zill-e-Huma, Vian MA, Maingonnat JF, Chemat F, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 7700 (2009)
Bayramoglu B, Sahin S, Sumnu G, J. Food Eng., 88(4), 535 (2008)
Okoh OO, Sadimenko AP, Afolayan AJ, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 4207 (2011)
Lucchesi ME, Smadja J, Bradshaw S, Louw W, Chemat F, J. Food Eng., 79(3), 1079 (2007)
Uysal B, Sozmen F, Aktas O, Oksal BS, Kose EO, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46, 1455 (2011)
Chen X, Zhang Y, Zu Y, Fu Y, Wang W, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 44, 2047 (2011)
Li XJ, Wang W, Luo M, Li CY, Zu YG, Mu PS, Fu YJ, Food Chem., 133, 437 (2012)
Perino-Issartier S, Zill-e-Huma, Abert-Vian M, Chemat F, Food Bioprocess Technol., 4, 1020 (2011)
Michel T, Destandau E, Elfakir C, Food Chem., 126, 1380 (2011)
Saatci N, Mur BY, J. Plant Nutr., 23, 1745 (2000)
Wilmsen PK, Spada DS, Salvador M, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4757 (2005)
Hayat K, Zhang X, Farooq U, Abbas S, Xia S, Jia C, Zhong F, Zhang J, Food Chem., 123, 423 (2010)
Hayat K, Zhang XM, Chen HQ, Xia SQ, Jia CS, Zhong F, Sep. Purif. Technol., 73(3), 371 (2010)
Kirbaslar SI, Kirbaslar FG, J. Essent. Oil Res., 18, 318 (2006)
Perez L, Conde E, Dominguez H, Process Biochem., 49, 981 (2014)
Malik NSA, Bradford JM, Sci. Hortic., 110, 274 (2006)
Sakanaka S, Tachibana Y, Okada Y, Food Chem., 89, 569 (2005)
Yu J, Wang L, Walzem RL, Miller EG, Pike LM, Patil BS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2009 (2005)
Sahin S, Samli R, Ultrason. Sonochem., 20, 595 (2013)
Bilgin M, Sahin S, Dramur MU, Sevgili LM, Chem. Eng. Commun., 200(9), 1197 (2013)
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26, 1231 (1999)
Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Celik SE, Microchim. Acta, 160, 413 (2008)
Draper NR, John JA, Technometrics, 30, 423 (1998)
Karabegovic IT, Stojicevic SS, Velickovic DT, Nikolic NC, Lazic ML, Sep. Sci. Technol., 49(3), 416 (2014)
Li H, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Wang H, J. Food Drug Anal., 16, 67 (2008)
Li H, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Wang H, Food Chem., 112, 454 (2009)
Pan Y, He C, Wang H, Ji X, Wang K, Liu P, Food Chem., 121, 497 (2010)
