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Received May 25, 2014
Accepted September 11, 2014
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Kinetics and modeling of methyl methacrylate graft copolymerization in the presence of natural rubber latex
Tanita Sirirat
Terdthai Vatanatham
Nanthiya Hansupalak
Garry Llewellyn Rempel1
Wanvimon Arayapranee2†
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Korea 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Korea 2Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Rangsit University, Phathum Thani 12000, Thailand
wanvimon@rsu.ac.th
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2015, 32(5), 980-992(13), 10.1007/s11814-014-0274-1
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Abstract
A graft copolymerization model for using cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine (CHPO/TEPA) as a redox initiator was developed to describe the grafting of methyl methacrylate onto natural rubber latex as a coreshell particle. The model allows estimating the effects of the initiator concentration, monomer-rubber weight ratio, and temperature on the properties of graft product, e.g., % grafting efficiency and the % monomer composition in the graft copolymer and free polymer. The rate expressions of polymer chain formation are developed by taking into account a reduction of CHPO by TEPA and a population event of radicals between core/shell phases. The parameter estimation is performed to find the kinetic parameters. Validation with experimental results demonstrates a good applicability of the proposed model. The model results reveal that the formation of grafted polymer chains rather form by the chain transfer reaction to rubber chains from homopolymer radicals and the initiation reaction of cumyloxy radicals to rubber chains.
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References
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Shaffei KA, Moustafa AB, Mohamed WS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109(6), 3923 (2008)
Anbarasan R, Vasudevan T, Gopalan A, J. Mater. Sci., 35(3), 617 (2000)
Oliveira PC, Oliveira AM, Garcia A, Barboza JCS, Zavaglia CAC, Santos SMC, Eur. Polym. J., 41, 1883 (2005)
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Claramma NM, Mathew NM, Thomas EV, Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrum. Part C Radiat. Phys. Chem., 33, 87 (1989)
Bevilacqua EM, J. Polym. Sci., 24, 292 (1957)
Neoh SB, Azura AR, Hashim AS, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 50, 121 (2011)
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Liu H, Zuo D, Liu H, Li L, Li J, Xu W, E-Polym., 10, 1499 (2013)
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Onyeagoro GN, Acad. Res. Int., 3, 387 (2012)
Low SP, Ahmad A, Hamzah H, Rahman MYA, J. Solid State Electrochem., 15, 2611 (2011)
Wongthep W, Srituileong S, Martwiset S, Amnuaypanich S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 127(1), 104 (2013)
Kalkornsurapranee E, Sahakaro K, Kaesaman A, Nakason C, J. Elastomers Plast., 42, 17 (2010)
Kochthongrasamee T, Prasassarakich P, Kiatkamjornwong S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101(4), 2587 (2006)
Kalkornsurapranee E, Sahakaro K, Kaesaman A, Nakason C, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 114(1), 587 (2009)
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Songsing K, Vatanatham T, Hansupalak N, Eur. Polym. J., 49, 1007 (2013)
Arayapranee W, Rempel GL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93(1), 455 (2004)
Park JY, Park OO, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 11(4), 221 (1994)
Gutierrez CG, Estenoz DA, Gugliotta LM, Vega JR, Meira GR, Latin. Am. Appl. Res., 36, 309 (2006)
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Chern CS, Poehlein GW, J. Polym. Sci. Part. A: Polym. Chem., 28, 3073 (1990)
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Chern CS, Poehlein GW, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 25, 617 (1987)
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Chern CS, Prog. Polym. Sci., 31, 443 (2006)
Lee CF, Chiu WY, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56(10), 1263 (1995)
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Sundberg DC, Arndt J, Tang MY, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 5, 433 (1984)
Ballard MJ, Napper DH, Gilbert RG, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 3225 (1984)
Orr RJ, Williams HL, Can. J. Chem., 30, 985 (1952)
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Harkins WD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69, 1428 (1947)
Burnett GM, Lehrle RS, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A., 253, 331 (1959)
Herzfeld SH, Roginsky A, Corrin ML, Harkins WD, J. Polym. Sci., 5, 207 (1949)
Ramirez JC, Herrera-Ordonez J, Maldonado-Textle H, Polym. Bull., 53(5-6), 333 (2005)
Mayo FR, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2324 (1943)
Stannett V, Mesrobian RB, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 4125 (1950)
Fordham JWL, Williams HL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 4465 (1950)
Fordham JWL, Williams HL, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 1634 (1951)
Reetz I, Yagci Y, Mishra MK, in Handbook of radical vinyl polymerization, Mishra MK, Yagci Y, Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 45 (1998)
Soh SK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 25, 2993 (1980)
Gilbert RG, Pure Appl. Chem., 68, 1491 (1996)
Kunyuan Q, Li S, Xinde F, Polym. Commun., 1, 64 (1984)
Odian G, Principles of polymerization, 4th Ed., Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, New Jersey, 270, 364 (2004)
Whang BCY, Ballard MJ, Napper DH, Gilbert RG, Aust. J. Chem., 44, 1133 (1991)
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Kukulj D, Davis TP, Gilbert RG, Macromolecules, 31(4), 994 (1998)
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Rouilly A, Rigal L, Gilbert RG, Polymer, 45(23), 7813 (2004)
Kao CI, Gundlach DP, Nelsen RT, J. Polym. Sci., 22, 3499 (1984)
