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Received November 18, 2014
Accepted March 25, 2015
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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A strategy of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers for enhancing the mechanical properties of polypropylene polymers
Mineral Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 305-350, Korea 1Chemical Engineering Department, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-050, Korea 2Hanil Cement, 302, Maepo-ri, Maepo-eup, Danyang-gun, Chungbuk 395-903, Korea
ahnjw@kigam.re.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2015, 32(6), 1009-1022(14), 10.1007/s11814-015-0057-3
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Abstract
A wide variety of fillers are currently used in more than twenty types of polymer resins, although four of them alone (polypropylene, polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters, and polyvinyl chloride) account for 90% of the market of mineral fillers in plastics. Polypropylene (PP) and PVC dominate the market for calcium carbonate. PP is a versatile reinforcement material that can meet engineering and structural specifications and is widely used for automotive components, home appliances, and industrial applications. Talc, mica, clay, kaolin, wollastonite, calcium carbonates, feldspar, aluminum hydroxide, glass fibers, and natural fibers are commonly used in fillers. Among these, calcium carbonate (both natural and synthetic) is the most abundant and affords the possibility of improved surface finishing, control over the manufacture of products, and increased electric resistance and impact resistance. Meeting the global challenge to reduce the weight of vehicles by using plastics is a significant issue. The current the global plastic and automobile industry cannot survive without fillers, additives, and reinforcements. Polypropylene is a major component of the modern plastic industry, and currently is used in dashboards, wheel covers, and some engine parts in automobiles. This article reports that the use of calcium carbonate fillers with polypropylene is the best choice to enhance the mechanical properties of plastic parts used in automobiles.
Keywords
References
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Skapin SD, Sondi I, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 347(2), 221 (2010)
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CarbitalTM 110 and CarbitalTM 120 in Polypropylene, Technical Information Plastics (2000). (2000)
Gahleitner M, Grein C, Bernreitner K, Eur. Polym. J., 48, 49 (2012)
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Mishra S, Sonawane SH, Singh RP, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 43(1), 107 (2005)
Chan CM, Wu JS, Li JX, Cheung YK, Polymer, 43(10), 2981 (2002)
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Tabtiang A, Venables R, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 137 (2000)
Rocha MCG, Silva AHMFT, Coutinho FMB, Silva AN, Polym. Test, 24, 1049 (2005)
Etelaaho P, Haveri S, Jarvela P, Polym. Compos., 32, 464 (2011)
Zhang J, Han B, Zhou NL, Fang J, Wu JA, Ma ZM, Mo H, Shen JA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 119(6), 3560 (2011)
Meng MR, Dou Q, J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., 8, 213 (2009)
Zuiderduin WCJ, Westzaan C, Huetink J, Gaymans RJ, Polymer, 44(1), 261 (2003)
Biswas J, Kim H, Choe S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99(5), 2627 (2006)
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Biswas J, Kim H, Lee BH, Choe S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109(3), 1420 (2008)
Thio YS, Argon AS, Cohen RE, Weinberg M, Polymer, 43(13), 3661 (2002)
Yang K, Yang Q, Li GX, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Polym. Eng. Sci., 47(2), 95 (2007)
Cioni B, Lazzeri A, Compos. Interfaces, 17(5-7), 533 (2010)
Lam TD, Hoang TV, Quang DT, Kim JS, Mater. Sci. Eng., 501, 87 (2009)
Ansari DM, Price GJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88(8), 1951 (2003)
Eiras D, Pessan LA, Mater. Res., 12, 517 (2009)
Yao Z, Ge L, Ji X, Tang J, Xia M, Xi Y, J. Alloy. Compd., 621, 389 (2015)
Yao Z, Xia M, Ge L, Chen T, Li H, Ye Y, Zheng H, Fib. Polym., 15, 1278 (2014)
Yao ZT, Chen T, Li HY, Xia MS, Ye Y, Zheng H, J. Hazard. Mater., 262, 212 (2013)
Xia M, Yao Z, Ge L, Chen T, Li H, J. Comp. Mater., 28, 1 (2014)
Dalas E, Kallitsis E, Koutsoukos PG, J. Cryst. Growth, 89, 287 (1988)
Konno H, Nanri Y, Kitamura M, Powder Technol., 123(1), 33 (2002)
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Mustata F, Tudorachi N, Rosu D, Compos. Pt. B, 43, 702 (2012)
Lam TD, Hoang TV, Quang DT, Kim JS, Mater. Sci. Eng., 501, 87 (2009)
Ansari DM, Price GJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88(8), 1951 (2003)
Day SJ, Thompson SP, Parker JE, Evans A, Astro. Astro., A&A 553, A 68, 1 (2013). (2013)
Gopi S, Subramanian VK, Palanisamy K, Mater. Res. Bull., 48(5), 1906 (2013)
Thompson SP, Parker JE, Street SR, Tang CC, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Conference (CMMP10)), 286, 012030 (2011). (2011)
Gopi S, Subramanian VK, Indian J. Chem., 52A, 342 (2013)
Kim YY, Hetherington NBJ, Noel EH, Kroger R, Charnock JM, Christenson HK, Meldrum FC, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 50, 12572 (2011)
Oaki Y, Adachi B, Imai H, Polym. J., 44, 612 (2012)
Saikia J, Das G, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2, 1165 (2014)
Kabalah-Amitai L, Mayzel B, Kauffmann Y, Fitch AN, Bloch L, Gilbert PUPA, Pokroy B, Science, 340(6131), 454 (2013)
Wolf G, Konigsberger E, Schmidt HG, Konigsberger LC, Gamsjager H, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 60, 463 (2000)
Wang J, Becker U, Am. Bee J., 94, 380 (2009)
Hu Q, Zhang J, Teng H, Becker U, Am. Miner., 97, 1437 (2012)
Schenk AS, Albarracin EJ, Kim YY, Ihli J, Meldrum FC, Chem. Commun., 50, 4729 (2014)
Rodriguez-Blanco JD, Shaw S, Benning LG, Nanoscale, 3, 265 (2011)
Falini G, Fermani S, Reggi M, Njegic B, Dzakula N, Kralj D, Chem. Commun., 50, 15370 (2014)
Azdarpour A, Asadullah M, Mohammadian E, Junin R, Hamidi H, Manan M, Daud ARM, Chem. Eng. J., 264, 425 (2015)
Demichelis R, Raiteri P, Gale JD, Dovesi R, Crys. Grow. Des., 13, 2247 (2013)
Trushina DB, Bukreeva TV, Kovalchuk MV, Antipina MN, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst., 45, 644 (2014)
Arizzi A, Cultrone G, Brummer M, Viles H, Constr. Build. Mater., 75, 375 (2015)
Sugiura Y, Onuma K, Yamazaki A, Chem. Lett., 44(1), 20 (2015)
Yamada S, Yamamoto A, Kasuga T, J. Mater. Sci. -Mater. Med., 25, 2639 (2014)
Lyu SG, Park S, Sur GS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 16(4), 538 (1999)
