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Received June 24, 2014
Accepted February 16, 2015
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Microfluidic room temperature ionic liquid droplet generation depending on the hydrophobicity and interfacial tension
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA 1Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwondo 220-710, Korea
wjchang@uwm.edu
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2016, 33(1), 57-62(6), 10.1007/s11814-015-0037-7
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Abstract
We have characterized micro-droplet generation using water immiscible hexafluorophosphate ([PF6])- and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N])-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The interfacial tension between total 7 RTILs and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was measured using a tensiometer for the first time. PBS is one of the most commonly used buffer solutions in cell-related researches. The measured interfacial tension ranges from 8.51 to 11.62 and from 9.56 to 13.19 for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The RTILs micro-droplets were generated in a microfluidic device. The micro-droplet size and generation frequency were determined based on continuous monitoring of light transmittance at the interface in microchannel. The size of RTIL micro-droplets was inversely proportional to the increase of PBS solution flow rate and RTILs hydrophobicity, while droplet generation frequency was proportional to those changes. The measured size of RTILs droplets ranged from 0.6 to 10.5 nl, and from 1.0 to 17.1 nl for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The measured frequency of generated RTILs droplets ranged from 2.3 to 37.2 droplet/min, and from 2.7 to 17.1 droplet/min for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The capillary numbers were calculated depending on the RTILs, and ranged from 0.51×10.3 to 1.06×10.3 and from 5.00×10.3 to 8.65×10.3, for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The interfacial tension between RTILs and PBS will contribute to developing bioprocesses using immiscible RTILs. Also, the RTILs micro-droplets will enable the high-throughput monitoring of various biological and chemical reactions using RTILs as new reaction media.
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References
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Dreyfus R, Tabeling P, Willaime H, Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, 144505 (2003)
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Cygan ZT, Cabral JT, Beers KL, Amis EJ, Langmuir, 21(8), 3629 (2005)
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Chatterjee DD, Hetayothin B, Wheeler AR, King DJ, Garrell RL, Lab Chip, 6, 199 (2006)
de Mello AJ, Habgood M, Lancaster NL, Welton T, Wootton RCR, Lab Chip, 4, 417 (2004)
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Effenhauser CS, Bruln GJM, Paulus A, Ehrat M, Anal. Chem., 69, 3451 (1997)
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Martino W, de la Mora JF, Yoshida Y, Saito G, Wilkes J, Green Chem., 8, 390 (2006)
Choi CH, Prasad N, Lee NR, Lee CS, Biochip J., 2, 27 (2008)
Fitchett BD, Rollins JB, Conboy JC, Langmuir, 21(26), 12179 (2005)
Lepercq-Bost E, Giorgi ML, Isambert A, Arnaud C, J. Membr. Sci., 314(1-2), 76 (2008)
van der Graaf S, Steegmans MLJ, van der Sman RGM, Schroen CGPH, Boom RM, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 266, 106 (2005)
