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Received March 29, 2016
Accepted June 8, 2016
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Effects of modified LDPE on physico-mechanical properties of HDPE/CaCO3 composites
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea 1Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea 2Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea
chan@kw.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2016, 33(11), 3258-3266(9), 10.1007/s11814-016-0159-6
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Abstract
HDPE/CaCO3/LDPE-g-MA composites of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene (LDPE-g-MA) as a compatibilizer were prepared by melt mixing. LDPE-g-MA was prepared using a solution process. The maximum grafting degree was obtained at 6 wt% maleic anhydride (MA) and 0.2 wt% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at 120 ℃ and 240 min. Functional groups not found in pure LDPE were observed with the formation of LDPE-g-MA. The successful dispersion of CaCO3 particles in the HDPE matrix using LDPE-g-MA was revealed. The crystallite size of the composites was a little higher than that of CaCO3. The mechanical properties of the HDPE/CaCO3/LDPE-g-MA composites increased with decreasing CaCO3 content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a higher thermal stability for the HDPE/CaCO3/LDPE-g-MA composites than for pure HDPE. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the crystallization conditions were not substantially different. However, melting enthalpy and crystallinity increased with decreasing CaCO3 content. The thermal stability was greatly improved compared to that previously reported for nano CaCO3.
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References
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Lim SH, Seo SW, Jung E, Chae H, Cho SM, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(3), 1070 (2016)
Chan CM, Wu JS, Li JX, Cheung YK, Polymer, 43(10), 2981 (2002)
Tanniru M, Misra RDK, Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process., 405, 178 (2005)
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Thenepalli T, Ahn YJ, Han C, Ramakrishna C, Ahn JW, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(6), 1009 (2015)
Ghasemi H, Mirzadeh A, Bates PJ, Kamal MR, Polym. Test, 42, 69 (2015)
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Wang WY, Zeng XF, Wang GQ, Chen JF, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106(3), 1932 (2007)
Kato T, Adv. Mater., 12(20), 1543 (2000)
Mirzadeh A, Ghasemi H, Bates PJ, Kamal MR, Int. Polym. Process., 29(1), 4 (2014)
Xu W, Ge M, He P, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82(9), 2281 (2001)
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Lazzeri A, Zebarjad SM, Pracella M, Cavalier K, Rosa R, Polymer, 46(3), 827 (2005)
Elleithy RH, Ali I, Ali MA, Al-Zahrani SM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117(4), 2413 (2010)
Kwon S, Kim KJ, Kim H, Kundu PP, Kim TJ, Lee YK, Lee BH, Choe S, Polymer, 43(25), 6901 (2002)
Yang ZY, Tang YJ, Zhang JH, Chalcogen. Lett., 10, 131 (2013)
Tang ZF, Cheng GJ, Chen YS, Yu XH, Wang HL, Adv. Powder Technol., 25(5), 1618 (2014)
Hu ZS, Deng YL, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49(12), 5625 (2010)
Ozen I, Simsek S, Powder Technol., 270, 320 (2015)
Nakatsuka T, Kawasaki H, Itadani K, Yamashita S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27, 259 (1982)
Doufnoune R, Chebira F, Haddaoui N, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 52, 967 (2003)
Cui ZG, Cui YZ, Cui CF, Chen Z, Binks BP, Langmuir, 26(15), 12567 (2010)
Bao LX, Yang SM, Luo X, Lei JX, Cao QU, Wang JL, Appl. Surf. Sci., 357, 564 (2015)
Matsuba G, Sakamoto S, Ogino Y, Nishida K, Kanaya T, Macromolecules, 40(20), 7270 (2007)
Carbonell-Verdua A, Garcia-Garciaa D, Jordab A, Sampera MD, Balarta R, Compos. Part B-Eng., 69, 460 (2015)
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Liang JZ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104(3), 1697 (2007)
Osman MA, Atallah A, Suter UW, Polymer, 45(4), 1177 (2004)
Yuan Q, Shah JS, Bertrand KJ, Misra RDK, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 294, 141 (2009)
Sahebian S, Zebarjad SM, Sajjadi SA, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 23, 583 (2010)
Chafidz A, Ail I, Mohsin MEA, Elleithy R, Al-Zahrani S, J. Polym. Res., 19, 9906 (2012)
Zaman HU, Khan MA, Khan RA, Beg MDH, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 27, 1701 (2014)
Liang JZ, Wang F, Polym. Bull., 72(4), 915 (2015)
Martinez-Garcia A, Sanchez-Reche A, Cepeda-Jimenez CM, Martin-Martinez JM, Macromol. Symp., 221, 23 (2005)
Wunderlich B, Dole M, J. Polym. Sci., 24, 201 (1957)
Sathe SN, Rao GS, Devi S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53(2), 239 (1994)
Aimin Z, Chao L, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 1291 (2003)
Moad G, Prog. Polym. Sci, 24, 81 (1999)
Shen YH, Qi RR, Liu QC, Wang YL, Mao YP, Yu J, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110(4), 2261 (2008)
Marsilla KIK, Verbeek CJR, Eur. Polym. J., 67, 213 (2015)
Samay G, Nagy T, White JL, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56(11), 1423 (1995)
Wang Y, Cao X, Zhang L, Macromol. Biosci., 6, 524 (2006)
Chafidz A, Ali I, Mohsiin MEA, Elleithy R, Al-Zahrani S, J. Polym. Res., 19, 9860 (2012)
Teixeira SCS, Moreira MM, Lima AP, Santos LS, da Rocha BM, de Lima ES, da Costa RAAF, da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101(4), 2559 (2006)
Sahebian S, Zebarjad SM, Sajjadi SA, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 23, 583 (2010)
Bartczak Z, Argon AS, Cohen RE, Weinberg M, Polymer, 40(9), 2347 (1999)
