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Received May 31, 2016
Accepted September 9, 2016
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Design and analysis of a diesel processing unit for a molten carbonate fuel cell for auxiliary power unit applications
1Brain Busan 21 Human Resource Education Team for Development of Green Energy Materials and Their Process, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea 2Pulp and Paper Processing Technology, Institut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung, Jl. Ganesha Boulevard, Lot-A1 CBD Kota Deltamas, Tol Jakarta - Cikampek Km 37, Cikarang Pusat, Bekasi, Indonesia 3, Korea 4Department of Nuclear and Energy System, Dongguk University, Seokjang-dong, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, December 2016, 33(12), 3381-3387(7), 10.1007/s11814-016-0262-8
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Abstract
Fuel cell-based auxiliary power units (APUs) are a promising technology for meeting global energy needs in an environmentally friendly way. This study uses diesel containing sulfur components such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a feed. The sulfur tolerance of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) modules is not more than 0.5 ppm, as sulfur can poison the fuel cell and degrade the performance of the fuel cell module. The raw diesel feed in this study contains 10 ppm DBT, and its sulfur concentration should be reduced to 0.1 ppm. After desulfurization, the feed goes through several unit operations, including steam reforming, water-gas shift, and gas purification. Finally, hydrogen is fed to the fuel cell module, where it generates 500 kW of electrical energy. The entire process, with 52% and 89% fuel cell and overall system efficiencies, respectively, is rigorously simulated using Aspen HYSYS, and the results are input into a techno-economic analysis to calculate the minimum electricity selling price (MESP). The electricity cost for this MCFC-based APU was calculated as 1.57$/kWh. According to predictions, the cost reductions for fuel cell stacks will afford electricity selling prices of 1.51$/kWh in 2020 and 1.495$/kWh in 2030. Based on a sensitivity analysis, the diesel price and capital cost were found to have the strongest impact on the MESP.
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Fornaserio P, Graziani M, Renewable Resources and Renewable Energy: A Global Challenge, Second Ed., CRC Press, New York (2011).
Sanghai Y, Techno Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Used as An Electricity Storage Technology in a Wind Farm with High Amounts of Intermittent Energy, Master’s Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (2013).
Specchia S, Saracco G, Specchia V, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 33(13), 3393 (2008)
Ho HP, Kim WH, Lee SY, Son HR, Kim NH, Kim JK, Park JY, Woo HC, Clean Technol., 20(1), 88 (2014)
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Cutillo A, Specchia S, Antonini M, Saracco G, Specchia V, J. Power Sources, 154(2), 379 (2006)
Lindstrom B, Karlsson JAJ, Ekdunge P, De Verdier L, Haggendal B, Dawody J, Nilsson M, Pettersson LJ, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 34(8), 3367 (2009)
Ersoz A, Olgun H, Ozdogan S, Energy, 31(10-11), 1490 (2006)
Ahmed S, Kumar R, Krumpelt M, Fuel Cells Bulletin, 12, 4 (1999)
Srivastava VC, RSC Adv., 2, 759 (2012)
Richard T, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Swaewitz JA, Analysis, Syntesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, 4th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2012).
Robert R, Wheeler D, Molten Carbonate and Phosphoric Acid Stationary Fuel Cells: Overview and Gap Analysis, Technical Report No. NREL/TP-560-49072. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden Colorado (2010).
Alptekin G, Jayaraman A, Dubovik M, Schaefer M, Monroe J, Bradley K, Desulfurization of Logistic Fuels for Fuel Cell APUs, TDA Research, Inc Wheat Ridge CO (2008). http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA504273.
Aris R, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 4, 227 (1965)
Aris R, The Mathematical Theory of Diffusion and Reaction in Permeable Catalyst: Vol. 1: The Theory of the Steady State, Oxford University Press, New York (1975).
Ballard Power System Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, http://ballard.com.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Renewable Energy Fact Sheet: Fuel Cells (2013). http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100IL86.txt.
