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Language: English

Conflict of Interest: In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication history: Received January 11, 2015
Accepted July 27, 2015

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye using nano-ZrO2/UV/Persulfate: Response surface modeling and optimization

Mahsa Moradi^{1 2} Farshid Ghanbari^3† Mohammad Manshouri⁴ Kambiz Ahmadi Angali⁵

¹Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Paramedicine and Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran ²Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran ³Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ⁴Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ⁵Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

ghanbari.env@gmail.com

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, February 2016, 33(2), 539-546(8), 10.1007/s11814-015-0160-5

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Abstract

Dyes have always been considered in the context of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water. The present research has focused on the decolorization of Direct Blue 71 (DB71) using photocatalysis process of nano-ZrO2/UV/Persulfate. Response surface method with central composite design was applied to determine the effects of four main factors (time, ZrO2 dosage, persulfate dosage and pH) on decolorization of DB71. The results indicated that the obtained quadratic model had a high R-squared coefficient based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Time had the highest effect (45.5%) on decolorization of DB71. The optimum condition predicted for complete decolorization was pH=7, 0.4 g ZrO2, 0.75 mM persulfate and 40 min reaction time. Verification experiments confirmed that there was good agreement between the experimental and predicted responses. The studied photocatalytic process could oxidize and destruct the structure of the DB71, and average oxidation state (AOS) significantly increased from .1.5 to +1.33, indicating the presence of more oxidized by-products and, consequently, improvement of biodegradability. The quenching tests showed that sulfate radical was the major agent in DB71 decolorization. It can be concluded that nano-ZrO2/UV/Persulfate is a very effective process for decolorization of colored wastewater.

Keywords

Nano-ZrO2 Synthetic Dye Sulfate Radical Response Surface Method

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