Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received December 28, 2014
Accepted August 31, 2015
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
Esterification of acetic and oleic acids within the Amberlyst 15 packed catalytic column
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 1Civil Engineering Department, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH, USA
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, February 2016, 33(2), 582-586(5), 10.1007/s11814-015-0192-x
Download PDF
Abstract
A packed column system was used to study the esterification of acetic and oleic acids by the macro-porous acidic resin, Amberlyst 15. All reactions were at a constant temperature (75 oC) and catalyst mass (3 g). The impact of column flow rate conditions and the molar fatty acid to ethanol feedstock ratio on ester production is reported. The maximum ester production was noted at a flow rate of 0.25mL/min. The maximum observed ester yield for acetic acid (95.2±0.5%) and oleic acid (43.8±1.3%) was observed at an acid:ethanol molar ratio of 1 : 3 and 1 : 1, respectively. The difference in yield indicates the importance of the fatty acid chain length to the reaction.
References
Pirola C, Manenti F, Galli F, Bianchi CL, Chem. Eng. Trans., 37, 553 (2014)
Yin P, Chen L, Wang Z, Qu RJ, Liu XG, Xu Q, Ren SH, Fuel, 102, 499 (2012)
Peng-Lim B, Ganesan S, Maniam GP, Khairuddean M, Efendi J, Energy Conv. Manag., 65, 392 (2013)
Demirbas A, Energy Conv. Manag., 50(11), 2782 (2009)
Demirbas A, Appl. Energy, 88(1), 17 (2011)
US Department of Energy, DOE/GO-102008-2542, www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities accessed date: 11.08.2014 (2008).
Tokunaga K, Konan DE, Appl. Energy, 125, 123 (2014)
Russbueldt BME, Hoelderich WF, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 362(1-2), 47 (2009)
Chongkhong S, Tongurai C, Chetpattananondh R, Renew. Energy, 34(4), 1059 (2009)
Leung DYC, Wu X, Leung MKH, Appl. Energy, 87(4), 1083 (2010)
Banerjee A, Chakraborty R, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 53, 490 (2009)
Sharma YC, Agrawal S, Singh B, Frometa AEN, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 90(2), 483 (2012)
Huang GH, Chen F, Wei D, Zhang XW, Chen G, Appl. Energy, 87(1), 38 (2010)
Boro J, Thakur AJ, Deka D, Fuel Process. Technol., 92(10), 2061 (2011)
Hayyan A, Alam MZ, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Hakimi NINM, Siran YM, Tahiruddin S, Bioresour. Technol., 101(20), 7804 (2010)
Giri BY, Rao KN, Devi BLAP, Lingaiah N, Suryanarayana I, Prasad RBN, Catal. Commun., 6, 788 (2005)
Lam MK, Lee KT,Mohamed AR, Biotechnol. Adv., 28, 500 (2010)
Park JY, Kim DK, Lee JS, Bioresour. Technol., 101, S62 (2010)
Park JY, Wang ZM, Kim DK, Lee JS, Renew. Energy, 35(3), 614 (2010)
Hayyan A, Hashim MA, Mirghani MES, Hayyan M, AlNashef IM, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(6), 1229 (2013)
Yu MJ, Jo YB, Kim SG, Lim YK, Jeon JK, Park SH, Kim SS, Park YK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(12), 2287 (2011)
Tesser R, Casale L, Verde D, Di Serio M, Santacesaria E, Chem. Eng. J., 157(2-3), 539 (2010)
Son SM, Kimura H, Kusakabe K, Bioresour. Technol., 102(2), 2130 (2011)
Lucena IL, Saboya RMA, Oliveira JFG, Rodrigues ML, Torres AEB, Cavalcante CL, Parente EJS, Silva GF, Fernandes FAN, Fuel, 90(2), 902 (2011)
de la Cuesta PJM, Martinez ER, Perez FIP, Sarria FR, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 77(6), 1169 (1999)
Yu WF, Hidajat K, Ray AK, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 260(2), 191 (2004)
Park JY, Lee JS, Wang ZM, Kim DK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 27(6), 1791 (2010)
Jamal Y, Luo G, Kuo CH, Rabie A, Boulanger B, J. Food Process Eng., 37, 27 (2014)
Feng YH, Zhang AQ, Li JX, He BQ, Bioresour. Technol., 102(3), 3607 (2011)
Food Chemicals Codex, Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Committee on Food Chemicals Codex National Academies Press (2003).
Barnwala BK, Sharma MP, Sustain. Energy Rev., 9, 363 (2005)
Kocsisova T, Cvengros J, Lutisan J, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 107, 87 (2005)
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF, Fuel, 86(5-6), 906 (2007)
Basumatary S, Deka DC, Der Chemica Sinica, 3, 1384 (2012)
Al-Arafi N, Salimon J, E-Journal Chem., 9, 99 (2012)
Yin P, Chen L, Wang Z, Qu RJ, Liu XG, Xu Q, Ren SH, Fuel, 102, 499 (2012)
Peng-Lim B, Ganesan S, Maniam GP, Khairuddean M, Efendi J, Energy Conv. Manag., 65, 392 (2013)
Demirbas A, Energy Conv. Manag., 50(11), 2782 (2009)
Demirbas A, Appl. Energy, 88(1), 17 (2011)
US Department of Energy, DOE/GO-102008-2542, www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities accessed date: 11.08.2014 (2008).
Tokunaga K, Konan DE, Appl. Energy, 125, 123 (2014)
Russbueldt BME, Hoelderich WF, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 362(1-2), 47 (2009)
Chongkhong S, Tongurai C, Chetpattananondh R, Renew. Energy, 34(4), 1059 (2009)
Leung DYC, Wu X, Leung MKH, Appl. Energy, 87(4), 1083 (2010)
Banerjee A, Chakraborty R, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 53, 490 (2009)
Sharma YC, Agrawal S, Singh B, Frometa AEN, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 90(2), 483 (2012)
Huang GH, Chen F, Wei D, Zhang XW, Chen G, Appl. Energy, 87(1), 38 (2010)
Boro J, Thakur AJ, Deka D, Fuel Process. Technol., 92(10), 2061 (2011)
Hayyan A, Alam MZ, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Hakimi NINM, Siran YM, Tahiruddin S, Bioresour. Technol., 101(20), 7804 (2010)
Giri BY, Rao KN, Devi BLAP, Lingaiah N, Suryanarayana I, Prasad RBN, Catal. Commun., 6, 788 (2005)
Lam MK, Lee KT,Mohamed AR, Biotechnol. Adv., 28, 500 (2010)
Park JY, Kim DK, Lee JS, Bioresour. Technol., 101, S62 (2010)
Park JY, Wang ZM, Kim DK, Lee JS, Renew. Energy, 35(3), 614 (2010)
Hayyan A, Hashim MA, Mirghani MES, Hayyan M, AlNashef IM, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(6), 1229 (2013)
Yu MJ, Jo YB, Kim SG, Lim YK, Jeon JK, Park SH, Kim SS, Park YK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(12), 2287 (2011)
Tesser R, Casale L, Verde D, Di Serio M, Santacesaria E, Chem. Eng. J., 157(2-3), 539 (2010)
Son SM, Kimura H, Kusakabe K, Bioresour. Technol., 102(2), 2130 (2011)
Lucena IL, Saboya RMA, Oliveira JFG, Rodrigues ML, Torres AEB, Cavalcante CL, Parente EJS, Silva GF, Fernandes FAN, Fuel, 90(2), 902 (2011)
de la Cuesta PJM, Martinez ER, Perez FIP, Sarria FR, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 77(6), 1169 (1999)
Yu WF, Hidajat K, Ray AK, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 260(2), 191 (2004)
Park JY, Lee JS, Wang ZM, Kim DK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 27(6), 1791 (2010)
Jamal Y, Luo G, Kuo CH, Rabie A, Boulanger B, J. Food Process Eng., 37, 27 (2014)
Feng YH, Zhang AQ, Li JX, He BQ, Bioresour. Technol., 102(3), 3607 (2011)
Food Chemicals Codex, Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Committee on Food Chemicals Codex National Academies Press (2003).
Barnwala BK, Sharma MP, Sustain. Energy Rev., 9, 363 (2005)
Kocsisova T, Cvengros J, Lutisan J, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 107, 87 (2005)
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF, Fuel, 86(5-6), 906 (2007)
Basumatary S, Deka DC, Der Chemica Sinica, 3, 1384 (2012)
Al-Arafi N, Salimon J, E-Journal Chem., 9, 99 (2012)
