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Received June 28, 2015
Accepted November 17, 2015
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Monolaurin yield optimization in selective esterification of glycerol with lauric acid over post impregnated HPW/SBA-15 catalyst
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, April 2016, 33(4), 1200-1210(11), 10.1007/s11814-015-0246-0
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Abstract
Process optimization of selective esterification of glycerol with lauric acid catalyzed by highly uniformed SBA-15 catalysts post impregnated with 12-tungstophosphorus acid (HPW) has been elucidated via response surface methodology (RSM). The significance of factors including reaction time (t), reactants ratio (R) and temperature (T) was investigated and led to the development of response models for lauric acid conversion (R1) and monolaurin yield (R2). The optimized monolaurin yield operating condition (50% yield at t=3.18 h, R=4.6 and T=175 ℃) was identified by using the developed models with high accuracy (98% confidence level, small standard deviation and error) and reproducibility (3 times). Comparison done with reported results showed the good performance of developed catalyst with significant reduction in reaction time needed to achieve similar lauric acid conversion and monolaurin yield.
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References
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Abdullah WNW, Bakar WAWA, Ali R, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32(10), 1999 (2015)
Hoo PY, Abdullah AZ, Chem. Eng. J., 250, 274 (2014)
Hoo P, Abdullah AZ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 54(32), 7852 (2015)
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Tropecelo AI, Casimiro MH, Fonseca IM, Ramos AM, Vital J, Castanheiro JE, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 390(1-2), 183 (2010)
Hermida L, Abdullah AZ, Mohamed AR, J. Appl. Sci., 10, 3199 (2010)
Brahmkhatri V, Patel A, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 403(1-2), 161 (2011)
Pouilloux Y, Abro S, Vanhove C, Barrault J, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 149, 243 (1999)
Bhatti MS, Reddy AS, Thukral AK, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 839 (2009)
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Azargohar R, Dalai A, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 85, 219 (2005)
Kiran B, Thanasekaran K, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 65, 840 (2011)
Cox S, Ghannam NA, Int. Food Res. J., 20, 1537 (2013)
Wu YY, Zhou SQ, Qin FH, Ye XY, Zheng K, J. Hazard. Mater., 180(1-3), 456 (2010)
Hafizi A, Ahmadpour A, Koolivand-Salooki M, Heravi MM, Bamoharram FF, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(6), 1981 (2013)
Panda A, Chen S, Shaw AC, Allore HG, J. Immunol. Methods, 398-399, 19 (2013)
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Bukhari NI, Kaur S, Bai SH, Hay YK, Bakar A, Majeed A, Kang YB, Anderson MJ, Statistical Design of Experiments on Fabrication of Starch Nanoparticles-A Case Study for Application of Response Surface Methods (RSM), 2008; Available online: http://goo.gl/AGF3jd.
Demirel M, Kayan B, Int. J. Ind. Chem., 3, 1 (2012)
Osborne JW, Pract. Assess. Res. Eval., 15, 1 (2010)
Hermida L, Abdullah AZ, Mohamed AR, Chem. Eng. J., 174(2-3), 668 (2011)
Chiu JJ, Pine DJ, Bishop ST, Chmelka BF, J. Catal., 221 (2004)
Kotwal M, Deshpande SS, Srinivas D, Catal. Commun., 12, 1302 (2011)
Heykants E, Verrelst WH, Parton RF, Jacobs PA, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 105, 1277 (1997)
Diaz I, Marquez-Alvarez C, Mohino F, Perez-Pariente J, Sastre E, J. Catal., 193(2), 295 (2000)
da Silva-Machado M, Cardoso D, Perez-Pariente J, Sastre E, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 130, 3417 (2000)
Machado MD, Perez-Pariente J, Sastre E, Cardoso D, de Guerenu AM, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 203(2), 321 (2000)
Mohino F, Diaz I, Perez-Pariente J, Sastre E, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 142, 1275 (2002)
Diaz I, Mohino F, Perez-Pariente J, Sastre E, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 242(1), 161 (2003)
Wibowo TY, Abdullah AZ, Zakaria R, Appl. Clay Sci., 50, 280 (2010)
Hermida L, Abdullah AZ, Mohamed AR, J. Porous Mat., 19, 835 (2012)
