Packed-bed column process efficiency for cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated under different bed heights (2.6 to 7.5 cm) and feed flow rates (15 to 30 ml min-1). The column was filled with brown seaweed, Sargassum angustifolium. Three simplified models, including Bed Depth Service Time, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson were employed for describing the experimental breakthrough curves as well as achieving design parameters. Bed lifetime was also evaluated in several consecutive sorption-desorption cycles. Cadmium concentration of 0.005mg l-1, as a standard limit for potable water, was considered as the breakthrough concentration. The maximum column performance was achieved 81% at 7.5 cm bed length and flow rate of 15 ml min-1. Indeed, increasing the bed height increased the sorption performance and service time, while increasing the feed flow rate had a negative effect. Maximum sorption capacity value remained almost constant by the bed height changes; however, increase in the feed flow rate slightly decreased it. The modeling results revealed that the Yoon-Nelson model was more accurate than Thomas for describing the experimental breakthrough data, especially at low flow rates. Column service time predictions were surprisingly achieved using the Bed Depth Service Time model even at extrapolations. 20% reduction in column adsorption efficiency was observed at the end of four consecutive sorption-desorption cycles; however, desorption efficiencies were achieved more than 99% in each cycle.

BDST Model Breakthrough Cadmium Packed-bed Seaweed

Day R, Denizli A, Arica MY, Bioresour. Technol., 76(1), 67 (2001)
Jafari SA, Cheraghi S, Mirbakhsh M, Mirza R, Maryamabadi A, CLEAN, DOI:10.1002/clen.201300616., 43, 118 (2015)
Hatzikioseyian A, Mavituna F, Tsezos M, Process Metallurgy, 9, 429 (1999)
Mukhopadhyay M, Noronha SB, Suraishkumar GK, Chem. Eng. J., 144(3), 386 (2008)
Hashim MA, Chu KH, Chem. Eng. J., 97(2-3), 249 (2004)
Wang J, Chen C, Biotechnol. Adv., 27, 195 (2009)
Volesky B, Weber J, Park JM, Water Res., 37, 297 (2003)
Yan GY, Viraraghavan T, Bioresour. Technol., 78(3), 243 (2001)
Vijayaraghavan K, Jegan J, Palanivelu K, Velan M, Chemosphere, 60, 419 (2005)
Jafari SA, Jamali A, Hosseini A, Korean J. Chem. Eng., DOI:10.1007/s11814-015-0013-2., 32(10), 2053 (2015)
Worch E, Adsorption technology in water treatment: Fundamentals, processes, and modeling, Walter de Gruyter (2012).
Zhu CL, Luan ZK, Wang YQ, Shan XD, Sep. Purif. Technol., 57(1), 161 (2007)
Vijayaraghavan K, Palanivelu K, Velan M, Process Biochem., 41, 853 (2006)
Vijayaraghavan K, Yun YS, Biotechnol. Adv., 26, 266 (2008)
Volesky B, Prasetyo I, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 43(11), 1010 (1994)
Tolian G, Jafari SA, Zarei S, Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, DOI:10.2166/wqrjc.2015.007., 50, 109 (2015)
Yan G, Viraraghavan T, Chen M, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 19, 25 (2001)
Lodeiro P, Herrero R, de Vicente MES, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(1), 244 (2006)
Senthilkumar R, Vijayaraghavan K, Thilakavathi M, Iyer PVR, Velan M, J. Hazard. Mater., 136(3), 791 (2006)
Chu KH, Hashim MA, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 928 (2007)
Malkoc E, Nuhoglu Y, Abali Y, Chem. Eng. J., 119(1), 61 (2006)
Vijayaraghavan K, Prabu D, J. Hazard. Mater., 137(1), 558 (2006)
Zulfadhly Z, Mashitah MD, Bhatia S, Environ. Pollut., 112, 463 (2001)
Yahaya NKEM, Abustan I, Latiff MFPM, Bello OS, Ahmad MA, Int. J. Eng. Technol., 11, 248 (2011)
Chu KH, Chem. Eng. J., 97(2-3), 233 (2004)
Cooney DO, Chem. Eng. Commun., 110, 217 (1991)
Chen BY, Chen CY, Guo WQ, Chang HW, Chen WM, Lee DJ, Huang CC, Ren NQ, Chang JS, Bioresour. Technol., 160, 175 (2014)
Nwabanne JT, Igbokwe PK, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2, 106 (2012)
Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Saeedi R, Mahvi AH, Vaezi F, Yaghmaeian K, Ghasri A, Nazmara S, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(3), 785 (2007)