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Received December 4, 2015
Accepted February 4, 2016
- This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Crystallization kinetics for carbon dioxide gas hydrate in fixed bed and stirred tank reactor
Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India 2Offshore Plant Resources R&D Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 1274 Jisa-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan 618-230, Korea
k.rajnish@ncl.res.in
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2016, 33(6), 1922-1930(9), 10.1007/s11814-016-0040-7
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Abstract
The phase change from germ nuclei to growth nuclei and subsequent volume transformation in a crystallization process was modeled by Avrami equations. The phase change during the hydrate formation was fitted with the classical Avrami model by utilizing gas uptake data. The idea is to understand the difference in growth behavior of hydrate crystals when in small pores compared to a stirred tank reactor which does not pose any physical restrictions to hydrate growth. The parameters n and k of the Avrami equation were determined explicitly for CO2 hydrate formation.
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Englezos P, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 1251 (1993)
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Kumar A, Sakpal T, Linga P, Kumar R, Chem. Eng. Sci., 122, 78 (2015)
Aaron D, Tsouris C, Sep. Sci. Technol., 40(1-3), 321 (2005)
Babu P, Linga P, Kumar R, Englezos P, Energy, 85, 261 (2015)
Kang SP, Lee H, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4397 (2000)
Kenarsari SD, Yang D, Jiang G, Zhang S, Wang J, Russell AG, Wei Q, Fan M, RSC Adv., 3, 22739 (2013)
Linga P, Kumar RN, Englezos P, Chem. Eng. Sci., 62(16), 4268 (2007)
Kumar A, Kumar R, Energy Fuels, 29(7), 4463 (2015)
Babu P, Kumar R, Linga P, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13191 (2013)
Kim SM, Lee JD, Lee HJ, Lee EK, Kim Y, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 36(1), 1115 (2011)
Li XS, Xu CG, Chen ZY, Wu HJ, Energy, 36(3), 1394 (2011)
Linga P, Kumar R, Englezos P, J. Hazard. Mater., 149(3), 625 (2007)
Adeyemo A, Kumar R, Linga P, Ripmeester J, Englezos P, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 4, 478 (2010)
Babu P, Kumar R, Linga P, Energy, 50, 364 (2013)
Seo Y, Kang SP, Chem. Eng. J., 161(1-2), 308 (2010)
Seo YT, Moudrakovski IL, Ripmeester J, Lee JW, Lee H, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2315 (2005)
Kashchiev D, Firoozabadi A, J. Cryst. Growth, 250(3-4), 499 (2003)
Bishnoi PR, Natarajan V, Fluid Phase Equilib., 117(1-2), 168 (1996)
Skovborg P, Rasmussen P, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(8), 1131 (1994)
Sun D, Englezos P, Int. J. Green. Gas Control, 25, 1 (2014)
Avrami M, J. Chem. Phys., 7, 1103 (1939)
Avrami M, J. Chem. Phys., 8, 212 (1940)
Avrami M, J. Chem. Phys., 9, 177 (1941)
Kashchiev D, Firoozabadi A, J. Cryst. Growth, 243(3-4), 476 (2002)
Moudrakovski IL, Sanchez AA, Ratcliffe CI, Ripmeester JA, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105(49), 12338 (2001)
Falenty A, Kuhs WF, J. Phys. Chem. B, 113(49), 15975 (2009)
Susilo R, Ripmeester JA, Englezos P, AIChE J., 53(9), 2451 (2007)
Nambiar A, Babu P, Linga P, Can. J. Chem., 93, 808 (2015)
Gedde UW, Polymer Physics: Crystallization Kinetics, Chapman and Hall, London (1995).
Marangoni AG, Fat Crystals Network: Crystallization Kinetics, Marcel Dekker, New York (2005).
Shaples A, Introduction to Polymer Crystallization, Edward Arnold, London (1966).
Kumar A, Sakpal T, Linga P, Kumar R, Fuel, 105, 664 (2013)
Kumar A, Sakpal T, Kumar R, Energy Technol., 3, 717 (2015)
Serna-Guerrero R, Sayari A, Chem. Eng. J., 161(1-2), 182 (2010)
Wang JW, Stevens LA, Drage TC, Wood J, Chem. Eng. Sci., 68(1), 424 (2012)
Lorenzo AT, Arnal ML, Albuerne J, Muller AJ, Polym. Test, 26, 222 (2007)
Piorkowska E, Galeski A, Haudin JM, Prog. Polym. Sci, 31, 549 (2006)
Mark J, Ngai K, Graessley W, Mandelkern L, Samulski E, Koenig J, Wignall G, Physical Properties of Polymers, 3rd, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004).
Shultz JM, Polymer Crystallization, Oxford U. P., Oxford (2001).
Babu P, Yee D, Linga P, Palmer A, Khoo BC, Tan TS, Rangsunvigit P, Energy Fuels, 27(6), 3364 (2013)
Takeya S, Hori A, Hondoh T, Uchida T, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104(17), 4164 (2000)
Uchida T, Ebinuma T, Kawabata J, Narita H, J. Cryst. Growth, 204, 348 (1999)
Kumar A, Bhattacharjee G, Kulkarni BD, Kumar R, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 54(49), 12217 (2015)