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Received September 21, 2015
Accepted January 25, 2016
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Colloidal dispersion gels based on sulfonated polyacrylamide and chromium triacetate for harsh-environment
Chemical, Polymer & Petrochemical Technology Development Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P. O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran 1Arvandan Oil & Gas Company, Tehran, Iran
aalaiej@ripi.ir
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2016, 33(6), 1954-1963(10), 10.1007/s11814-016-0025-6
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to outline the preparation of colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs) based on sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPA) and chromium triacetate and investigating their stability in harsh conditions. The effect of crosslinker, polymer concentration, salinity, and gelation time and temperature on the formation, rheological behavior and size distribution of CDGs and also their thermo-chemical stabilities were investigated. It was found that the shear viscosity and size of CDGs decreased with increasing of preparation time. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy evaluations showed that the size of CDGs particles decreased with increasing of the Cr3+ concentration. In addition, SPA solution had yield stress, while CDGs did not. The elevation of temperature inhibits while the salinity does not disturb the formation of CDGs. In the systems with lower polymer concentration, CDGs were formed. Conversely, in the systems with higher polymer concentration, bulk gels were formed. After aging, CDG sample had a minimal viscosity loss, indicating its exceptional thermo-chemical stability.
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Needham RB, Doe PH, J. Pet. Eng., 1503 (1987)
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Sigale K, Omari A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64(6), 1067 (1997)
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Moradi-Araghi A, Cleveland DH, Jones WW, Westermam IJ, Paper SPE 16273 Presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, held in San Antonio, Texas, February 4-6 (1987).
Rashidi M, Blokhus AM, Skauge A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117(3), 1551 (2010)
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Chauveteau G, Tabary R, Blin N, Renard M, Rousseau D, Faber R, Paper SPE 89390 Presented at SPE/DOE 14th Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 17-21 (2004).
Jia H, Ren Q, Pu WF, Zhao JZ, Energy Fuels, 28(11), 6735 (2014)
Spildo K, Skauge A, Aarra MG, Tweheyo MT, Paper SPE 113460 Presented at the SPE /DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 19-23 (2008).
Diaz D, Somaruga C, Norman C, Romero J, Paper SPE 113320 Presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 19-23 (2008).
Lu X, Song K, Niu J, Chen F, Paper SPE 59466 Presented at the 2000 SPE Asia Pacific Conference on Integrated Modelling for Asset Management, Yokohama, Japan, April 25-26 (2000).
Castro R, Maya G, Sandoval J, Leon J, Zapata J, Lobo A, Villadiego D, Perdomo L, Cabrera SA, Cabrera F, Izadi M, Romero J, Norman C, Manrique E, Paper SPE 165273 Presented at the SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 2-4 (2013).
Manrique E, Reyes S, Romero J, Aye N, Kiani M, North W, Thomas C, Kazempour M, Izadi M, Roostapour A, Muniz G, Cabrera F, Lantz M, Norman C, SPE-169705-MS Presented at the SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia, Muscat, Oman, March31- April 2 (2014).
Skauge T, Spildo K, Skauge A, Paper SPE 129933 Presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, 24-28 April (2010).
Chang HL, Zhang QG, Wang QM, J. Pet. Tech., 58, 84 (2006)
Mack JC, Smith JE, Paper SPE 27780 Presented at the SPE/DOE Ninth Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 17-20 (1994).
Smith JE, Heng L, Dong GZ, Paper SPE 62610 Presented at the SPE/AAPG Western Regional Meeting, Long Beach, California, June 19-23 (2000).
Li MY, Dong ZX, Lin MQ, Wu ZL, J. Petroleum Sci. Eng., 41, 213 (2004)
Peng B, Li MY, Ji SL, Wu ZL, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 6(2), 171 (1998)
Spildo K, Skauge A, Skauge T, Paper SPE 129927 Presented at SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 24-28 (2010).
Bjorsvik M, Hoiland H, Skauge A, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 317, 504 (2008)
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Celik MS, Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Somasundaran P, Paper SPE 11796 Presented at the International Symposium on Oilfield and Geothermal Chemistry, Denver, June 1-3 (1983).
Dovan HT, Hutchins RS, Paper SPE 12641 Presented at the SPE/DOE at SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery (1984).
Walls HJ, Caines SB, Sanchez AM, Khan SA, J. Rheol., 47(4), 847 (2003)
Malkin A, Ilyin S, Roumyantseva T, Kulichikhin V, Macromolecules, 46(1), 257 (2013)
Yadav US, Mahto V, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(28), 9532 (2013)
Zetasizer Nano Series User Manual, Malvern Instruments Ltd. (2003).
Han M, Alshehri AJ, Krinis D, Lyngra S, Paper SPE 172186 Presented at the SPE Saudi Arabia Section Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, April 21-24 (2014).
Shin S, Cho YI, KSME Int. J., 12, 267 (1998)
Lockhart TP, Paper SPE 20998, Presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oil field Chemistry, Anaheim, California, February (1991).
Levitt DB, Jackson AC, Heinson C, Britton LN, Malik T, Dwarakanath V, Pope GA, Paper SPE 100089-PA Presented in Proceeding of SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, April 20-23 (2008).
Taylor KC, Nasr-El-Din HA, Paper SPE 29008-MS, Presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA, Feb 14-17 (1995).
Zaitoun A, Potie B, Paper SPE 11785-MS for Presentation at the International Symposium on Oilfield and Geothermal Chemistry, Denver, Colorado, June 1-3 (1983).
Moradi-Araghi A, Cleveland DJ, Jones WW, Westerman IJ, Paper SPE 16273 for Presentation at International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, Texas, Feb 14-17 (1995).
