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Received November 18, 2015
Accepted February 22, 2016
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Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by tin-based Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts
Xiaoxiang Han†
Wei Yan
Chin-Te Hung1
Yanfei He
Pei-Hao Wu1
Li-Li Liu1
Shing-Jong Huang2
Shang-Bin Liu1†
Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China 1Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 2Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
hxx74@126.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, July 2016, 33(7), 2063-2072(10), 10.1007/s11814-016-0060-3
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Abstract
A series of Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid (BLAIL) catalysts consisting of sulfonated ionic liquid [SO3H-pmim]Cl and Sn(II) chloride have been synthesized and exploited for catalytic transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to biodiesel. The structural and chemical properties of these [SO3H-pmim]Cl-xSnCl2 (x=0-0.8) catalysts were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, TGA, and NMR. In particular, their acid properties were studied by solid-state 31P NMR using trimethylphosphine oxide as the probe molecule. The BLAIL catalysts were found highly efficient for transesterification reaction due to the introduction of Lewis acidity by SnCl2 in the initially Brønsted acidic [SO3H-pmim]Cl catalyst. The effects of three independent process variables on biodiesel yield were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Consequently, an excellent biodiesel yield of 98.6% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions over the BLAIL catalyst with SnCl2 loading (x) of 0.7.
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References
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Yuan XH, Chen M, Dai QX, Cheng XN, Chem. Eng. J., 146(2), 266 (2009)
Singh T, Kumar A, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112(13), 4079 (2008)
