Ag deposited TiO2 was prepared by simple chemical reduction method and its photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated for the decolorization of methylene blue dye using pilot scale slurry type falling film reactors (FFR) under sunlight. The characterization of the prepared catalysts by XRD, TEM, EDAX, DRS and PL confirmed that silver, which acts as electron trap, was deposited over the TiO2 surface. The operational parameters, such as catalyst loading, concentration of the dye solution, pH of the slurry, addition of oxidizing agents and effect of different substrates, were optimized. The photocatalytic efficiency of Ag deposited TiO2 increased two-fold times than pure TiO2 and the maximum decolorization of dye was observed under acidic conditions. The reaction rate significantly increased with the addition of oxidizing agent H2O2. The ceramic tile as well as double skin reactor have higher photocatalytic efficiency than glass as substrate. In addition, Ag-deposited TiO2 photocatalyst could be easily recovered by simple sedimentation process and reused for repeated experimental cycles with more than 95% decolorization efficiency.

Falling Film Reactor Solar Photocatalysis Ag Deposited TiO2 Dye Decolorization

Habib MA, Ismail IMI, Mahmood AJ, Ullah MR, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 16, 423 (2012)
Liu X, Jin A, Jia Y, Xia T, Deng C, Zhu M, Chen C, Chen X, Appl. Surf. Sci., 405, 371 (2017)
Manjari G, Saran S, Arun T, Rao AVB, Devipriya SP, J. Saudi Chem. Soc. (2017), DOI:10.1016/j.jscs.2017.02.004.
Sandoval A, Hernandez-Ventura C, Klimova TE, Fuel, 138, 30 (2017)
Xie W, Zhang M, Liu D, Lei W, Sun L, Wang X, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 5, 1392 (2017)
Vats A, Mishra S, Environ. Sci. Poll. Res., 24, 11662 (2017)
Shah A, Shahzad S, Munir A, Nadagouda MN, Khan GS, Shams DF, Dionysiou DD, Rana UA, Chem. Rev., 116(10), 6042 (2016)
Hao OJ, Kim H, Chiang PC, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 449 (2000)
Mohan D, Singh KP, Singh G, Kumar K, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41(15), 3688 (2002)
Zhang T, Oyama T, Aoshima A, Hidaka H, Zhao J, Serpone N, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 140, 163 (2001)
Gumus D, Akbal F, Water Air Soil Pollut., 216, 124 (2011)
Patchaiyappan A, Saran S, Devipriya SP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(7), 2107 (2016)
Tzikalos N, Belessi V, Lambropoulou D, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 20, 2305 (2013)
Wang HH, Dong SJ, Chang Y, Faria JL, J. Hazard. Mater., 235, 230 (2012)
Devipriya SP, Yesodharan S, Yesodharan EP, I. J. Photoenergy , 2012, Article ID 970474, 1 (2012).
Abdennouri M, Elhalil A, Farnane M, Tounsadi H, Mahjoubi FZ, Elmoubarki R, Sadiq M, Khamar L, Galadi A, Baalala M, Bensitel M, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 19, 485 (2015)
Chen Z, Fang L, Dong W, Zheng F, Shen M, Wan J, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 824 (2014)
Yang XH, Fu HT, Wang XC, Yang JL, Jiang XC, Yu AB, J. Nanopart. Res., 16, 2526 (2014)
Nakata K, Fujishima A, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 13, 169 (2012)
Yu B, Leung KM, Guo Q, Lau WM, Yang J, Nanotechnology, 22, 115603 (2011)
Jiang Z, Wei W, Mao D, Chen C, Shi Y, Lv X, Xie J, Nanoscale, 7, 784 (2015)
Colina-Marquez J, Machuca-Martinez F, Li Puma G, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 8953 (2009)
Han T, Chen Y, Tian G, Zhou W, Xiao Y, Li J, Fu H, Sci. China Mat., 59, 1003 (2016)
Karimi L, Zohoori S, Yazdanshenas ME, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 18, 581 (2014)
Sahoo C, Gupta AK, Pal A, Desalination, 181, 100 (2005)
Sakthivel S, Shankar MV, Palanichamy M, Arabindoo B, Bahnemann DW, Murugesan V, Water Res., 38, 3008 (2004)
Nino-Martinez N, Martinez-Castanon GA, Aragon-Pina A, Martinez-Gutierrez F, Martinez-Mendoza JR, Ruiz F, Nanotechnol., 19, 065711 (2008)
Sobana N, Muruganadham M, Swaminathan M, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 258(1-2), 124 (2006)
Tayade RJ, Natarajan TS, Bajaj HC, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(23), 10262 (2009)
Tang Y, Jiang Z, Tay Q, Deng J, Lai Y, Gong D, Dong Z, Chen Z, RSC Adv., 2, 9406 (2012)
Zhang LZ, Yu JC, Yip HY, Li Q, Kwong KW, Xu AW, Wong PK, Langmuir, 19(24), 10372 (2003)
Liu E, Kang L, Yang Y, Sun T, Hu X, Zhu C, Fan J, Nanotechnol., 25, 165401 (2014)
Saran S, Kamalraj G, Arunkumar P, Devipriya SP, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 17730 (2016)
Vamathevan V, Amal R, Beydoun D, Low G, McEvoy S, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 148, 233 (2002)
Rather RA, Singh S, Pal B, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 160, 463 (2017)
Gupta K, Singh RP, Pandey A, Pandey A, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 4, 345 (2013)
Wu F, Hu X, Fan J, Liu E, Sun T, Kang L, Hou W, Zhu C, Liu H, Plasmonics, 8, 501 (2013)
Leong KH, Gan BL, Ibrahim S, Saravanan P, Appl. Surf. Sci., 319, 128 (2014)
Yao W, Zhang B, Huang C, Ma C, Song X, Xu Q, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 4050 (2012)
Ramchiary A, Samdarshi SK, Appl. Surf. Sci., 305, 33 (2014)
Wetchakun K, Wetchakun N, Phanichphant S, Desal. Water Treat., 57, 10286 (2016)
Devadi MAH, Krishna M, Murthy HM, Sathyanarayana BS, Procedia Mater. Sci., 5, 621 (2014)
Sohrabi MR, Ghavami M, J. Hazard. Mater., 153, 1239 (2008)
Kaur J, Singhal S, Physica B, 450, 49 (2014)
Muruganandham M, Swaminathan M, J. Hazard. Mater., 135, 86 (2006)
Zhang T, Oyama T, Aoshima A, Hidaka H, Zhao J, Serpone N, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 140, 163 (2001)
Wu CH, Chern JM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45(19), 6450 (2006)
Neppolian B, Kanel SR, Choi HC, Shankar MV, Arabindoo B, Murugesan V, Int. J. Photoenergy, 5, 49 (2003)
Saggioro EM, Oliveira AS, Pavesi T, Maia CG, Ferreira LFV, Moreira JC, Molecules, 16, 10386 (2011)
Wyness P, Klausner J, Goswami D, Schanze K, J. Sol. Energy Eng.-Trans. ASME, 116, 7 (1994)
Bekbolet M, Linder M, Weichgrebe D, Bahnemann D, Sol. Energy, 56, 469 (1996)
Zayani G, Bousselmi L, Mhenni F, Ghrabi A, Desalination, 246, 352 (2009)
Van Well M, Dillert R, Bahnemann D, Benz V, Mueller MA, J. Sol. Energy Eng.-Trans. ASME, 119, 119 (1997)
Thu HB, Karkmaz M, Puzenat E, Guillard C, Herrmann JM, Res. Chem. Intermed., 31, 461 (2005)
Chan AHC, Chan CK, Barford JP, Porter JF, Water Res., 37, 1135 (2003)
Dillert R, Cassano A, Goslich R, Bahnemann D, Catal. Today, 54, 282 (1999)