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Received July 4, 2017
Accepted August 9, 2017
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Expanding depletion region via doping: Zn-doped Cu2O buffer layer in Cu2O photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Kangha Lee1
Cheol-Ho Lee1 2
Jun Young Cheong3
Seokwon Lee1
Il-Doo Kim3
Han-Ik Joh2 4
Doh Chang Lee1†
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea 2Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55324, Korea 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea 4Department of Extreme Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 27478, Korea
dclee@kaist.edu
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, December 2017, 34(12), 3214-3219(6), 10.1007/s11814-017-0225-8
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Abstract
We report photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction using a Cu2O-based photocathode with a layer doped with Zn ions. The doping results in the shift of the onset flat-band potential of the photocathode, likely a consequence of maximized band-bending in the Cu2O/Zn : Cu2O heterojunction. Systematic electrochemical analysis reveals that expansion of depletion region is responsible for the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance, e.g., the increase of photocurrent and reduced internal resistance.
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Graetzel M, Acc. Chem. Res., 14, 376 (1981)
Khaselev O, Turner JA, Science, 280(5362), 425 (1998)
Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR, Boettcher SW, Mi QX, Santori EA, Lewis NS, Chem. Rev., 110(11), 6446 (2010)
Luo J, Steier L, Son MK, Schreier M, Mayer MT, Gratzel M, Nano Lett., 16, 1848 (2016)
Paracchino A, Mathews N, Hisatomi T, Stefik M, Tilley SD, Gratzel M, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 8673 (2012)
Schreier M, Gao P, Mayer MT, Luo J, Moehl T, Nazeeruddin MK, Tilley SD, Gratzel M, Energy Environ. Sci., 8, 855 (2015)
Dubale AA, Su WN, Tamirat AG, Pan CJ, Aragaw BA, Chen HM, Chen CH, Hwang BJ, J. Mater. Chem., 2, 18383 (2014)
Lee K, Lee S, Cho H, Jeong S, Kim WD, Lee S, Lee DC, J. Energy Chem. (2017), DOI:10.1016/j.jechem.2017.04.019.
Bendavid LI, Carter EA, J. Phys. Chem. B, 117(49), 15750 (2013)
Paracchino A, Laporte V, Sivula K, Gratzel M, Thimsen E, Nat. Mater., 10(6), 456 (2011)
Tilley SD, Schreier M, Azevedo J, Stefik M, Graetzel M, Adv. Funct. Mater., 24(3), 303 (2014)
Li C, Hisatomi T, Watanabe O, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Domen K, Delaunay JJ, Energy Environ. Sci., 8, 1493 (2015)
Bosco JP, Demers SB, Kimball GM, Lewis NS, Atwater HA, J. Appl. Phys., 112, 093703 (2012)
Dai P, Li W, Xie J, He Y, Thorne J, McMahon G, Zhan J, Wang D, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 53, 13493 (2014)
Li C, Hisatomi T, Watanabe O, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Domen K, Delaunay JJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 109, 033902 (2016)
Aspnes D, Surf. Sci., 132, 406 (1983)
Hussain S, Cao CB, Usman Z, Chen Z, Nabi G, Khan WS, Ali Z, Butt FK, Mahmood T, Thin Solid Films, 522, 430 (2012)
Kale SN, Ogale SB, Shinde SR, Sahasrabuddhe M, Kulkarni VN, Greene RL, Venkatesan T, Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 2100 (2003)
Cai XM, Su XQ, Ye F, Wang H, Tian XQ, Zhang DP, Fan P, Luo JT, Zheng ZH, Liang GX, Roy VAL, Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 083901 (2015)
Wei M, Braddon N, Zhi D, Midgley PA, Chen SK, Blamire MG, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 072514 (2005)
Hu Fei, Zou Yuanzhuang, Wang Lili, Wen Yuan, Xiong Yujie, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 41(34), 15172 (2016)
Ravichandran A, Dhanabalan K, Ravichandran K, Mohan R, Karthika K, Vasuhi A, Muralidharan B, Acta Mater., 28, 1041 (2015)
Ye F, Su XQ, Cai XM, Zheng ZH, Liang GX, Zhang DP, Luo JT, Fan P, Thin Solid Films, 603, 395 (2016)
Zhang L, Jing D, Guo L, Yao X, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2, 1446 (2014)
Zhu C, Panzer MJ, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 5624 (2015)
Paracchino A, Laporte V, Sivula K, Gratzel M, Thimsen E, Nat. Mater., 10(6), 456 (2011)
Paracchino A, Mathews N, Hisatomi T, Stefik M, Tilley SD, Gratzel M, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 8673 (2012)
Heng B, Xiao T, Tao W, Hu X, Chen X, Wang B, Sun B, Tang Y, Crystal Growth Design, 12, 3998 (2012)
Bertoluzzi L, Bisquert J, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 3, 2517 (2012)
Du C, Yang X, Mayer MT, Hoyt H, Xie J, McMahon G, Bischoping G, Wang D, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 52, 12692 (2013)
Paracchino A, Brauer JC, Moser JE, Thimsen E, Graetzel M, J. Phys. Chem., 116, 7341 (2012)
Gelderman K, Lee L, Donne S, J. Chem. Educ., 84, 685 (2007)
Goltzene A, Schwab C, Wolf H, Solid State Commun., 18, 1565 (1976)
Jiang T, Xie T, Yang W, Chen L, Fan H, Wang D, J. Phys. Chem., 117, 4619 (2013)
Shyamal S, Hajra P, Mandal H, Bera A, Sariket D, Satpati AK, Kundu S, Bhattacharya C, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 9244 (2016)
Musa AO, Akomolafe T, Carter MJ, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 51(3), 305 (1998)
Futsuhara M, Yoshioka K, Takai O, Thin Solid Films, 317(1-2), 322 (1998)
Hernandez J, Wrschka P, Oehrlein GS, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148(7), G389 (2001)
Gartner WW, Phys. Rev., 116, 84 (1959)
Liu Y, Turley HK, Tumbleston JR, Samulski ET, Lopez R, Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 162105 (2011)
Khan K, Leung Y, Kos J, Renew. Energy, 11, 293 (1997)
