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- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
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Received May 5, 2016
Accepted October 11, 2016
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
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A novel ultrasonic reactor for continuous production of biodiesel from waste acid oil
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang Dong Province, China
15626446996@163.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, February 2017, 34(2), 353-359(7), 10.1007/s11814-016-0280-6
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Abstract
FAME was produced by a two-step in-situ transesterification of acid oil (AO) with methanol in a novel continuous flow ultrasonic reactor system composed of four ultrasonic reactors with different frequency. The hydrodynamic behavior of the reactor was investigated by a step response technique, and the effect of ultrasonic frequency on mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids (FAMEs) formation was also investigated. The production process includes an in-situ sulfuric acid-catalyzed esterification of AO with methanol in the first two ultrasonic reactors successively followed by an in-situ base-catalyzed transesterification in the other two ultrasonic reactors. The AO initial free fatty acids (FFA) content about 17.5 w% was cut down to less than 1 w% by sulfuric acid-catalyzed esterification. FAME yields in excess of 97.0% identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were obtained by the two-step in-situ reaction. The maximum and minimum volumetric productivity could reach 13.76 L·h-1 and 10.24 L·h-1 respectively.
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