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Received October 1, 2016
Accepted February 6, 2017
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Separation of tetrahydrofuran using RSM optimized accelerator-sulfur-filler of rubber membranes: Systematic optimization and comprehensive mechanistic study
Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700106, West Bengal, India
drs.nrs@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 2017, 34(5), 1416-1434(19), 10.1007/s11814-017-0021-5
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Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized, semi efficiently vulcanized (SEV) and filled organophilic composite natural rubber (NR) membranes of varying physichochemical interactions were reported for sorption-diffusion-permeation based separation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) from binary aqueous mixtures. RSM was used to obtain optimum accelerator/sulfur (A/S) ratio required for crosslinking of nine membranes to find excellent balance of mechanical properties. These membranes were characterized by FESEM, AFM, EDX, XRD, DTG, TGA, DSC and FTIR. Vulcanized products formed from several crosslinking precursors of NR via radical and/or ionic paths were incorporated to impart an unambiguous reaction mechanism. RSM was also used to obtain optimum conditions (temperature/concentration/filler) for total flux (TF) and separation factor (SF). Membrane intrinsic properties, like partial permeabilities (PPs), selectivities and diffusion coefficients (DCs) were also studied. NRSEV12 membrane showed excellent balance of TF (24.01±0.7 g m-2 h-1) and SF (118.8±4.16) at 0.97 wt% of THF in feed and 35 °C.
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References
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Ghosh P, Katare D, Patkar P, Caruthers JM, Venkatasubramanian V, Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 592 (2003)
Ray S, Singha NR, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. J., 149(1-3), 153 (2009)
Singha NR, Ray S, Ray SK, Konar BB, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 121(3), 1330 (2011)
Yeom CK, Dickson JM, Brook MA, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 13(5), 482 (1996)
Koczka K, Manczinger J, Mizsey P, Fonyo Z, Chem. Eng. Process., 46(3), 239 (2007)
Lucht BL, Collum DB, Acc. Chem. Res., 32, 1035 (1999)
Elschenbroich C, Salzer A, in Oganometallics - A Concise Introduction, Furstner A, Eds., Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim (1996).
Chapman P, Loh XX, Livingston AG, Li K, Oliveira TAC, J. Membr. Sci., 309(1-2), 102 (2008)
Ray S, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. Process., 47(9-10), 1620 (2008)
Kurkuri MD, Nayak JN, Aralaguppi MI, Naidu BVK, Aminabhavi TM, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98(1), 178 (2005)
Naidu BVK, Rao KSVK, Aminabhavi TM, J. Membr. Sci., 260(1-2), 131 (2005)
Rao PS, Sridhar S, Krishnaiah A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102(2), 1152 (2006)
Sairam M, Naidu BVK, Nataraj SK, Sreedhar B, Aminabhavi TM, J. Membr. Sci., 283(1-2), 65 (2006)
Bhat SD, Aminabhavi TM, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51(1), 85 (2006)
Chapman PD, Tan XY, Livingston AG, Li K, Oliveira T, J. Membr. Sci., 268(1), 13 (2006)
Varghese JG, Kittur AA, Kariduraganavar MY, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 111(5), 2408 (2009)
Das P, Ray SK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 34, 321 (2016)
Nagase Y, Ando T, Yun CM, React. Funct. Polym., 67(11), 1252 (2007)
Claes S, Vandezande P, Mullens S, Adriaensens P, Peeters R, Maurer FHJ, Van Bael MK, J. Membr. Sci., 389, 459 (2012)
Ismail AF, Lai PY, Sep. Purif. Technol., 40(2), 191 (2004)
Idris A, Kormin F, Noordin MY, Sep. Purif. Technol., 49(3), 271 (2006)
Xiangli FJ, Wei W, Chen YW, Jin WQ, Xu NP, J. Membr. Sci., 311(1-2), 23 (2008)
Garcia V, Landaburu-Aguirre J, Pongracz E, Peramaki P, Keiski RL, J. Membr. Sci., 338(1-2), 111 (2009)
Mahapatra M, Karmakar M, Mondal B, Singha NR, RSC Adv., 6, 69387 (2016)
Dondi D, Buttafava A, Zeffiro A, Palamini C, Lostritto A, Giannini L, Faucitano A, Eur. Polym. J., 62, 222 (2015)
Wolfe JR, Rubber Chem. Technol., 41, 1339 (1968)
Singha NR, Ray SK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, E99 (2012)
Bhat SD, Aminabhavi TM, J. Membr. Sci., 306(1-2), 173 (2007)
Samanta HS, Ray SK, Das P, Singha NR, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 87(5), 608 (2012)
Baker RW, Wijmans JG, Huang Y, J. Membr. Sci., 348(1-2), 346 (2010)
Singha NR, Das P, Ray SK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(6), 2034 (2013)
Greenlaw EW, Prince WD, Shelden RA, Thompson EV, J. Membr. Sci., 2, 141 (1977)
Hao JQ, Tanaka K, Kita H, Okamoto K, J. Membr. Sci., 132(1), 97 (1997)
Fukahori Y, Rubber Chem. Technol., 80, 701 (2007)
Schroder A, Kluppel M, Schuster RH, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 292, 885 (2007)
Montes-Moran MA, Suarez D, Menendez JA, Fuente E, Carbon, 42, 1219 (2004)
Barroso-Bogeat A, Alexandre-Franco M, Fernandez-Gonzalez C, Gomez-Serrano V, Energy Fuels, 28(6), 4096 (2014)
Donnet JB, Voet A, Carbon Black: Physics, Chemistry, and Elastomer Reinforcement, Marcel Dekker, New York (1976).
Singha NR, Parya TK, Ray SK, J. Membr. Sci., 340(1-2), 35 (2009)
Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Hajati S, Goudarzi A, Bazrafshan AA, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 145, 203 (2015)
Chatterjee S, Kumar A, Basu S, Dutta S, Chem. Eng. J., 181-182, 289 (2012)
Hameed BH, Tan IAW, Ahmad AL, J. Hazard. Mater., 158(2-3), 324 (2008)
Sahu JN, Acharya J, Meikap BC, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 818 (2009)
Lue SJ, Chen WW, Wang SF, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44(14), 3412 (2009)
Li P, Yin L, Song G, Sun J, Wang L, Wang H, Appl. Clay Sci., 40, 38 (2008)
Tomer N, Jestin FD, Singh R, Lacoste J, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 92, 457 (2007)
Stephen R, Jose S, Joseph K, Thomas S, Oommen Z, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 91, 1717 (2006)
Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR, Mater. Des., 53, 651 (2014)
Darmstadt H, Roy C, Kaliaguine S, Xu G, Auger M, Tuel A, Ramaswamy T, Carbon, 38, 1279 (2000)
Wang CC, Donnet JB, Wang TK, Johnson MP, Welsh F, Rubber Chem. Technol., 78, 17 (2005)
Kemp W, Organic Spectroscopy, Macmillan Education Ltd., Hampshire (1991).
Singha NR, Kar S, Ray S, Ray SK, Chem. Eng. Process., 48(5), 1020 (2009)
Iqbal M, Iqbal N, Bhatti IA, Ahmed N, Zahid M, Ecol. Eng., 88, 265 (2016)
Montgomery DC, Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley, New York (2013).
Aprem AS, Joseph K, Mathew T, Altstaedt V, Thomas S, Eur. Polym. J., 39, 1451 (2003)
Ghosh P, Katare D, Patkar P, Caruthers JM, Venkatasubramanian V, Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 592 (2003)
