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Received January 1, 2017
Accepted March 13, 2017
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Performance of fly ash based polymer gels for water reduction in enhanced oil recovery: Gelation kinetics and dynamic rheological studies
1School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 4School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2017, 34(6), 1638-1650(13), 10.1007/s11814-017-0071-8
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Abstract
The complexity of well and reservoir conditions demands frequent redesigning of water plugging polymer gels during enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In the present study, we developed coal fly ash (CFA) based gels from polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer and polyethyleneimine (PEI) crosslinker for water control in mature oil fields. The CFA acts as an inorganic additive to fine-tune gelation performance and rheological properties of PAM/PEI gel system. Hence, effects of various CFA (0.5 to 2 wt%), PAM (2 to 8.47 wt%) and PEI (0.3 to 1.04 wt%) concentrations on gelation kinetics and dynamic rheology of pure PAM/PEI gel and PAM/PEI-CFA composite gels were studied at a representative reservoir temperature of 90 °C. Experimental results reveal that gelation time of pure PAM/PEI gel increases with increasing CFA addition. Further observation demonstrates that increasing PAM and PEI concentrations decreases the gelation times of PAM/PEI-CFA composite gels. Gelation time was found to be within 3-120 hours. Understanding the property of reaction order enables better prediction of gelation time. Dynamic rheological data show that viscoelastic moduli (G' and G'') of various PAM/PEI-CFA composite gels improved better as compared to the pure PAM/PEI gel across the strain-sweep and frequency-sweep tests. SEM analysis of selected samples at 72 hours and 720 hours of gelation activity consolidated gelation kinetics and dynamic rheological results. These polymer gels are excellent candidates for sealing water thief zones in oil and gas reservoirs.
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Liu J, Liu Y, Wu ZB, Chen XB, Wang HQ, Weng XL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 386, 392 (2012)
Anandhan S, Sundar SM, Senthil T, Mahendran AR, Shibulal GS, J. Polym. Res., 19, 9840 (2012)
