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Received January 1, 2017
Accepted March 13, 2017
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Comparative evaluation of purity of green energetic material (ammonium dinitramide) depending on refining method
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea 1Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Korea
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2017, 34(6), 1693-1698(6), 10.1007/s11814-017-0072-7
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Abstract
Although the solid propellant, ammonium dinitramide (ADN, NH4N(NO2)2) is safe and thermally stable, it requires high purity for practical commercial applications. Even a small amount of impurities in ADN can create negative effects, including catalyst poisoning and thruster nozzle cloggings when it is used as a liquid propellant. Thus, we explored several purification processes for the precipitated ADN particles, such as repetition extraction, adsorption by activated carbons, and low-temperature extraction. These purifying methods help to improve the chemical purity as evaluated by FTIR, UV-vis, DSC, and IC analyses. Among the purification processes, adsorption was found to be the best method, showing a final purity of 99.768% based on relative quantification by ion chromatography.
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Talawar MB, Sivabalan R, Mukundan T, Muthurajan H, Sikder AK, Gandhe BR, Rao AS, J. Hazard. Mater., 161(2-3), 589 (2009)
Rahm M, Green Propellants, Doctoral Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2010).
Nazeri GH, Mastour R, Fayaznia M, Keyghobadi P, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 27(1), 85 (2008)
Kim WR, Jo YM, Kwon YJ, Park YC, J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc., 30(1), 57 (2013)
Brown JB, Doris KK, Prog. Chem. Fats Other Lipids, 3, 57 (1955)
Oliveira JIS, Nagamachi MY, Diniz MF, Mattos EC, Dutra RCL, J. Aerosp. Technol. Manage., 3(3), 269 (2011)
Rahoui N, Jiang B, Pan HT, Huang YD, Appl. Spectrosc., 51(5), 431 (2016)
Santhosh G, Venkatachalam S, Kanakavel M, Ninan KN, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 9(3), 223 (2002)
Langlet A, Ostmark H, Wingborg N, US Patent, 5,976,483 (1999).
Venkatachalam S, Santhosh G, Ninan KN, PROPELLANT-EXPLOS-PYROTECH, 29(3), 178 (2004)
Yang R, Thakre P, Yang V, Combust. Explos., 41(6), 657 (2005)
Ruey KB, Synthesis and purity characterization of high purity SDCDPS monomer by ion chromatography, Master’s Thesis, The Ohio State University, Ohio, US (2009).
Raghavan R, Jacob S, PROPELLANT-EXPLOS-PYROTECH, 38(2), 273 (2013)
