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Received March 15, 2017
Accepted May 1, 2017
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Upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil using WO3/ZrO2 and Amberlyst catalysts: Evaluation of acid number and viscosity
School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea 1Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority, Cheongju 28115, Korea 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea 3Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Korea 4Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
catalica@uos.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, August 2017, 34(8), 2180-2187(8), 10.1007/s11814-017-0126-x
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Abstract
Tungstated zirconia (WO3/ZrO2 with WO3 loadings of 9.9 (WZ9.9), 15.5 (WZ15.5), and 15.7wt% (WZ15.7)) and Amberlyst (15, 35, 36, 39 and 45) catalysts were employed to upgrade pyrolysis bio-oil of acacia sawdust through an esterification reaction using methanol at atmospheric pressure and room temperature or 80°C. The upgrading efficiency was evaluated by measuring the total acid number (TAN) and viscosity. The viscosity and TAN of the resulting upgraded bio-oil were found to be dependent on the calcination temperature of the WO3/ZrO2 catalysts. At room temperature, the largest decrease in viscosity and TAN of the bio-oil and methanol mixture was obtained using WZ9.9 tungstated zirconia calcined at 900 °C. An increase in reaction temperature to 80 °C improved the flowability and TAN of the methanol-added bio-oil using WZ9.9 activated at 900 °C. The product distribution of the bio-oil upgraded using methanol revealed esterification to be the dominant reaction pathway under the reaction conditions of this study. When the ether extracted bio-oil was upgraded at 80 °C using methanol over catalysts, the Amberlyst catalysts were found more effective than tungstated zirconia catalysts in enhancing the esterification reaction and reducing TAN.
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