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Received November 8, 2016
Accepted December 23, 2016
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Effects of process parameters on EPA and DHA concentrate production from Atlantic salmon by-product oil: Optimization and characterization
Monjurul Haq
Adane Tilahun Getachew
Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana
Yeon-Jin Cho
Seul-Ki Park1
Min-Jung Kim1
Byung-Soo Chun†
Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea 1Seawell Co., Ltd., Byeoksan e-Centum Classone, 508-1, Centumdong-ro, Haeundae-gu, Busan 48513, Korea
bschun@pknu.ac.kr
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, August 2017, 34(8), 2255-2264(10), 10.1007/s11814-016-0362-5
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Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracted Atlantic salmon frame bone oil (SFBO) was used for Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid (EPA-DHA) concentrate production by urea complexation. Urea/ fatty acids (2.5 to 4.0 w/w), crystallization temperature (-24 to -8°C) and crystallization time (8 to 24 h) were studied by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to maximize EPA-DHA content. Highest EPA-DHA content was 60.63% at urea/fatty acids 4.0 w/w, crystallization temperature -15.67 °C and crystallization time 8 h. EPA-DHA concentrate showed improvement of EPA-DHA from 6.39% in SFBO to 62.34%, increase of astaxanthin content from 21.33 μg/g in SFBO to 44.69 μg/g in EPA-DHA concentrate, no residual urea and reduction of many off-flavor compounds. The EPA-DHA yield showed an inverse relation with the urea/fatty acids, whereas its concentration increased proportionally with urea/ fatty acids. Therefore, EPA-DHA concentrate produced from SFBO by urea complexation may be an efficient technique to provide ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the consumers.
Keywords
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Schlenk H, pp. 243-267, Pergamon Press, London, UK (1954).
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Rodriguez A, Esteban L, Martin L, Jimenez MJ, Hita E, Castillo B, Gonzalez PA, Robles A, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 51(3), 148 (2012)
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Suriani NW, Lawalata HJ, Komansilan A, Int. J. Pharm. Technol. Res., 6, 1981 (2014)
Lee YR, Baokun T, Kyung HR, Asian J. Chem., 26, 4543 (2014)
Zhou J, Bi W, Row KH, J. Food Sci., 76, 441 (2011)
Fassett RG, Coombes JS, Molecules, 17, 2030 (2012)
Hsleh TCY, Williams SS, Vejaphan W, Meyers SP, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 66, 112 (1989)
Mathews RF, Scanlon RA, Libbey LM, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 48, 745 (1971)
Hu SP, Pan BS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, 41 (2000)
