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Received January 30, 2017
Accepted September 21, 2017
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Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of polypyrrole/V2O5 composites
1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 2Centralized Resource Laboratory, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 3Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, January 2018, 35(1), 12-19(8), 10.1007/s11814-017-0263-2
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Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) and its composites with vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) were synthesized in aqueous medium by chemical oxidation polymerization using FeCl3·6H2O as an oxidant. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV/visible spectroscopic techniques and LCRmeter. The FT-IR results confirmed the successful synthesis of PPy and PPy/V2O5 composites. The XRD study showed the amorphous and crystalline nature of PPy and PPy/V2O5 composites, respectively. The TGA analysis showed slight increase in the thermal stability of the composites. The SEM data verified the porous nature of PPy and the composites. The UV/visible spectrometry confirmed the doping of PPy in composites. The electrical properties of the materials displayed their semiconducting nature. The resistance of the samples was found to be dependent on temperature and the contents of V2O5 in the composites.
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References
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Zengin H, Erkan B, Polym. Adv. Technol., 21, 216 (2010)
Vidal JC, Garcia E, Castillo JR, Anal. Chim. Acta, 385, 213 (1999)
Campbell TE, Hodgson AJ, Wallace GG, Electroanalysis, 11, 215 (1999)
Kincal D, Kumar A, Child AD, Reynolds JR, Synth. Met., 92, 53 (1998)
Kemp NT, Flanagan GU, Kaiser AB, Trodahl HJ, Chapman B, Partridge AC, Buckley RG, Synth. Met., 101, 434 (1999)
Jerome C, Labaye D, Bodart I, Jerome R, Synth. Met., 101, 3 (1999)
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Akundy GS, Rajagopalan R, Iroh JO, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83(9), 1970 (2002)
Ito T, Buehlmann P, Umezawa Y, Anal. Chem., 71, 1699 (1999)
Feng X, Sun Z, Hou W, Zhu JJ, Nanotechnology, 18, 1 (2007)
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Jiang J, Ai LH, J. Mater. Sci., 21, 687 (2010)
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Bhattacharya A, Mukherjee DC, Gohil JM, Kumar Y, Kundu S, Desalination, 225(1-3), 366 (2008)
Sengupta PP, Kar P, Adhikari B, Thin Solid Films, 517(13), 3770 (2009)
Hernandez SC, Chaudhuri D, Chen W, Myung NV, Mulchandani A, Electroanalysis, 19, 2125 (2007)
Majid K, Tabassum R, Shah AF, Ahmad S, Singla ML, Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 20, 958 (2009)
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Kanwal F, Siddiqi SA, Batool A, Imran M, Mushtaq W, Jamil T, Synth. Met., 161, 335 (2011)
Boyano I, Bengoechea M, de Meatza I, Miguel O, Cantero I, Ochoteco E, Rodriguez J, Lira-Cantu M, Gomez-Romero P, J. Power Sources, 166(2), 471 (2007)
Kuwabata S, Masui S, Tomiyori H, Yoneyama H, Electrochim. Acta, 46(1), 91 (2000)
Sun X, Li Q, Mao YB, Electrochim. Acta, 174, 563 (2015)
Rahman NA, Kudin TIT, Ali AMM, Yahya MZA, J. Mater. Sci Eng. B, 1, 457 (2011)
Basavaraja C, Jo EA, Kim BS, Kim DG, Huh DS, Macromol. Res., 18(11), 1037 (2010)
Varesano A, Tonin C, Ferrero F, Stringhetta M, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 94, 559 (2008)
Ansari R, E-J. Chem., 3, 186 (2006)
He Y, Sheng T, Chen J, Fu R, Hu S, Wu X, Catal. Commun., 10, 1354 (2009)
Xiong C, Aliev AE, Gnade B, Balkus KJ, ACS Nano, 2, 293 (2008)
Batool A, Kanwal F, Imran M, Saadat TJ, Siddiqi A, Synth. Met., 161, 2753 (2012)
Selvarage M, Palraj S, Murathan K, Rajagopal G, Venkatachari G, Synth. Met., 158, 888 (2008)
Li Y, Yi R, Yan A, Deng L, Zhou K, Liu X, Solid State Sci., 11, 1319 (2009)
Han Y, Polym. Compos., 30, 66 (2009)
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Aytimur A, Uslu I, Kocyigit S, Ozcan F, Ceram. Int., 38, 3851 (2012)
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Ren X, Shi C, Zhang P, Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Mater. Sci. Eng., 177, 929 (2012)
Guo Z, Shin K, Karki AB, Young DP, Kaner RB, J. Nanopart. Res., 11, 1441 (2009)
Zhu J, Wei S, Zhang L, Mao Y, Ryu J, Mavinakuli P, Karki AB, Young DP, Guo Z, J. Phys. Chem., 114, 16335 (2010)
Gopalakrishnan S, Sujatha R, Der. Chem. Sinica, 2, 103 (2011)
Abthagir PS, Saraswathi R, Sivakolunthu S, Therm. Chem. Acta, 2, 109 (2004)
Khan H, Khalil AK, Khan A, Saeed K, Ali N, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(10), 2802 (2016)
Chougule MA, Pawar SG, Godse PR, Mulik RN, Sen S, Patil VB, Soft Nanosci. Lett., 1, 6 (2011)
Machida S, Miyata S, Synth. Met., 31, 311 (1989)
Rapi S, Bocchi V, Gardini GP, Synth. Met., 24, 217 (1988)
Rodriquez J, Grande JJ, Otero TF, In: Conductive Polymers: Synthesis and Electrical Properties, H. S. Nalwa Ed., Vol. 2, Chapter 10, p. 413, Wiley, New York (1997).
Kudoh Y, Synth. Met., 79, 17 (1996)
Bhende MS, Yawale SP, Yawale SS, IJIERE, 3, 488 (2016)
Chougule MA, Khuspe GD, Sen S, Patil VB, Appl. Nanosci., 3, 423 (2013)
Alam M, Ansari AA, Shaik MR, Alandis NM, Arab. J. Chem., 6, 341 (2013)
Piewnuan C, Wootthikanokkhan J, Ngaotrakanwiwat P, Meeyoo V, Chiarakorn S, Superlattices Microstruct., 75, 105 (2014)
Leclerc M, Aparno GD, Zotti G, Synth. Met., 2, 1527 (1993)
Zuo F, Angelopoulos M, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Phys. Rev. B, 5, 3475 (1987)
Kobayashi A, Ishikawa H, Amano K, Satoh M, Hasegawa E, J. Appl. Phys., 1, 296 (1993)
Fatima T, Sankarappa T, Ramanna R, IJARPS, 3, 7 (2016)
